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Vip3A resistance alleles exist at high levels in Australian targets before release of cotton expressing this toxin
Crops engineered to produce insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionised pest control in agriculture. However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also deriv...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39192 |
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| creator | Mahon, Rod J Downes, Sharon J James, Bill |
| description | Crops engineered to produce insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionised pest control in agriculture. However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also derived from Bt but genetically distinct from Cry toxins, is a possible solution that biotechnical companies intend to employ. Using data collected over two seasons we determined that, before deployment of Vip-expressing plants in Australia, resistance alleles exist in key targets as polymorphisms at frequencies of 0.027 (n = 273 lines, 95% CI = 0.019-0.038) in H. armigera and 0.008 (n = 248 lines, 0.004-0.015) in H. punctigera. These frequencies are above mutation rates normally encountered. Homozygous resistant neonates survived doses of Vip3A higher than those estimated in field-grown plants. Fortunately the resistance is largely, if not completely, recessive and does not confer resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab already deployed in cotton crops. These later characteristics are favourable for resistance management; however the robustness of Vip3A inclusive varieties will depend on resistance frequencies to the Cry toxins when it is released (anticipated 2016) and the efficacy of Vip3A throughout the season. It is appropriate to pre-emptively screen key targets of Bt crops elsewhere, especially those such as H. zea in the USA, which is not only closely related to H. armigera but also will be exposed to Vip in several varieties of cotton and corn. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0039192 |
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However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also derived from Bt but genetically distinct from Cry toxins, is a possible solution that biotechnical companies intend to employ. Using data collected over two seasons we determined that, before deployment of Vip-expressing plants in Australia, resistance alleles exist in key targets as polymorphisms at frequencies of 0.027 (n = 273 lines, 95% CI = 0.019-0.038) in H. armigera and 0.008 (n = 248 lines, 0.004-0.015) in H. punctigera. These frequencies are above mutation rates normally encountered. Homozygous resistant neonates survived doses of Vip3A higher than those estimated in field-grown plants. Fortunately the resistance is largely, if not completely, recessive and does not confer resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab already deployed in cotton crops. These later characteristics are favourable for resistance management; however the robustness of Vip3A inclusive varieties will depend on resistance frequencies to the Cry toxins when it is released (anticipated 2016) and the efficacy of Vip3A throughout the season. It is appropriate to pre-emptively screen key targets of Bt crops elsewhere, especially those such as H. zea in the USA, which is not only closely related to H. armigera but also will be exposed to Vip in several varieties of cotton and corn.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039192</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22761737</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agricultural management ; Agriculture ; Alleles ; Animals ; Australia ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; Bacillus thuringiensis - physiology ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins - pharmacology ; Binding sites ; Biology ; Colonies & territories ; Corn ; Cotton ; Crops ; Cry1Ac toxin ; Ecosystems ; Endotoxins - genetics ; Endotoxins - metabolism ; Genetically modified crops ; Gossypium - metabolism ; Helicoverpa armigera ; Helicoverpa punctigera ; Helicoverpa zea ; Hemolysin Proteins - genetics ; Hemolysin Proteins - metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Insecticide resistance ; Insecticide Resistance - genetics ; Insects ; Laboratories ; Lepidoptera ; Lepidoptera - drug effects ; Lepidoptera - genetics ; Lepidoptera - microbiology ; Mutation ; Mutation rates ; Neonates ; Noctuidae ; Pest control ; Pest Control, Biological ; Plants (botany) ; Protein expression ; Proteins ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Soil microorganisms ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2012-06, Vol.7 (6), p.e39192</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2012 Mahon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also derived from Bt but genetically distinct from Cry toxins, is a possible solution that biotechnical companies intend to employ. Using data collected over two seasons we determined that, before deployment of Vip-expressing plants in Australia, resistance alleles exist in key targets as polymorphisms at frequencies of 0.027 (n = 273 lines, 95% CI = 0.019-0.038) in H. armigera and 0.008 (n = 248 lines, 0.004-0.015) in H. punctigera. These frequencies are above mutation rates normally encountered. Homozygous resistant neonates survived doses of Vip3A higher than those estimated in field-grown plants. Fortunately the resistance is largely, if not completely, recessive and does not confer resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab already deployed in cotton crops. These later characteristics are favourable for resistance management; however the robustness of Vip3A inclusive varieties will depend on resistance frequencies to the Cry toxins when it is released (anticipated 2016) and the efficacy of Vip3A throughout the season. It is appropriate to pre-emptively screen key targets of Bt crops elsewhere, especially those such as H. zea in the USA, which is not only closely related to H. armigera but also will be exposed to Vip in several varieties of cotton and corn.</description><subject>Agricultural management</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Bacillus thuringiensis</subject><subject>Bacillus thuringiensis - physiology</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacterial Toxins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Binding sites</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Colonies & territories</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Cotton</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cry1Ac toxin</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Endotoxins - genetics</subject><subject>Endotoxins - metabolism</subject><subject>Genetically modified crops</subject><subject>Gossypium - metabolism</subject><subject>Helicoverpa armigera</subject><subject>Helicoverpa punctigera</subject><subject>Helicoverpa zea</subject><subject>Hemolysin Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Hemolysin Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Host-Pathogen Interactions</subject><subject>Insecticide resistance</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance - genetics</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lepidoptera</subject><subject>Lepidoptera - drug effects</subject><subject>Lepidoptera - genetics</subject><subject>Lepidoptera - microbiology</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Mutation rates</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Noctuidae</subject><subject>Pest control</subject><subject>Pest Control, Biological</subject><subject>Plants (botany)</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Soil microorganisms</subject><subject>Spodoptera frugiperda</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1rFDEUhgdRbK3-A9GAIHixaz7mKzfCUvxYKBS09DZkMiezKdlkTTJl_fdm3WnZAQXJRcLJc94c3rxF8ZrgJWEN-Xjnx-CkXe68gyXGjBNOnxTnhDO6qClmT0_OZ8WLGO8wrlhb18-LM0qbmjSsOS_CrdmxFQoQTUzSKUDSWrAQEexzBcmENmbYIAv3YCMyDq3GmIK0RjqUZBggRdSB9gGyiAUZAXmNlE_Ju6yxy8rRuAGljYko-b1xL4tnWtoIr6b9orj58vnm8tvi6vrr-nJ1tVA1p2nBdE-gbRtdcyIBpAbJmq7ileoJ1hVjRGGAipREcihZqRrModVVxTqpW2AXxduj7M76KCa3oiCMVpjWnLNMrI9E7-Wd2AWzleGX8NKIPwUfBiFDMsqCYIpg2gLtu7ovdUtln8epsOKK867ROmt9ml4buy30CtzBpJno_MaZjRj8vWCspZS0WeDdJBD8zxFi-sfIEzXIPJVx2mcxtTVRiVXZNLjKn00ztfwLlVcPW6NyXrTJ9VnDh1lDZhLs0yDHGMX6x_f_Z69v5-z7E3YD0qZN9HZMxrs4B8sjqIKPMYB-dI5gcYj7gxviEHcxxT23vTl1_bHpId_sN4Aj_Qg</recordid><startdate>20120622</startdate><enddate>20120622</enddate><creator>Mahon, Rod J</creator><creator>Downes, Sharon J</creator><creator>James, Bill</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120622</creationdate><title>Vip3A resistance alleles exist at high levels in Australian targets before release of cotton expressing this toxin</title><author>Mahon, Rod J ; Downes, Sharon J ; James, Bill</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3fd1e887f691aeeafea37b595cd10f5331c0ee5141a9e434c709e8f553baf8e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Agricultural management</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Bacillus thuringiensis</topic><topic>Bacillus thuringiensis - physiology</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacterial Toxins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Binding sites</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Colonies & territories</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Cotton</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Cry1Ac toxin</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Endotoxins - genetics</topic><topic>Endotoxins - metabolism</topic><topic>Genetically modified crops</topic><topic>Gossypium - metabolism</topic><topic>Helicoverpa armigera</topic><topic>Helicoverpa punctigera</topic><topic>Helicoverpa zea</topic><topic>Hemolysin Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Hemolysin Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Host-Pathogen Interactions</topic><topic>Insecticide resistance</topic><topic>Insecticide Resistance - genetics</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lepidoptera</topic><topic>Lepidoptera - drug effects</topic><topic>Lepidoptera - genetics</topic><topic>Lepidoptera - microbiology</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Mutation rates</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Noctuidae</topic><topic>Pest control</topic><topic>Pest Control, Biological</topic><topic>Plants (botany)</topic><topic>Protein expression</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Soil microorganisms</topic><topic>Spodoptera frugiperda</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mahon, Rod J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Downes, Sharon J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>James, Bill</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Agriculture & Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Performed the experiments: BJ SD RM. Analyzed the data: RM SD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RM SD BJ. Wrote the paper: RM SD BJ.</notes><abstract>Crops engineered to produce insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionised pest control in agriculture. However field-level resistance to Bt has developed in some targets. Utilising novel vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), also derived from Bt but genetically distinct from Cry toxins, is a possible solution that biotechnical companies intend to employ. Using data collected over two seasons we determined that, before deployment of Vip-expressing plants in Australia, resistance alleles exist in key targets as polymorphisms at frequencies of 0.027 (n = 273 lines, 95% CI = 0.019-0.038) in H. armigera and 0.008 (n = 248 lines, 0.004-0.015) in H. punctigera. These frequencies are above mutation rates normally encountered. Homozygous resistant neonates survived doses of Vip3A higher than those estimated in field-grown plants. Fortunately the resistance is largely, if not completely, recessive and does not confer resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab already deployed in cotton crops. These later characteristics are favourable for resistance management; however the robustness of Vip3A inclusive varieties will depend on resistance frequencies to the Cry toxins when it is released (anticipated 2016) and the efficacy of Vip3A throughout the season. It is appropriate to pre-emptively screen key targets of Bt crops elsewhere, especially those such as H. zea in the USA, which is not only closely related to H. armigera but also will be exposed to Vip in several varieties of cotton and corn.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22761737</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0039192</doi><tpages>e39192</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural management Agriculture Alleles Animals Australia Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis - physiology Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Bacterial Toxins - pharmacology Binding sites Biology Colonies & territories Corn Cotton Crops Cry1Ac toxin Ecosystems Endotoxins - genetics Endotoxins - metabolism Genetically modified crops Gossypium - metabolism Helicoverpa armigera Helicoverpa punctigera Helicoverpa zea Hemolysin Proteins - genetics Hemolysin Proteins - metabolism Host-Pathogen Interactions Insecticide resistance Insecticide Resistance - genetics Insects Laboratories Lepidoptera Lepidoptera - drug effects Lepidoptera - genetics Lepidoptera - microbiology Mutation Mutation rates Neonates Noctuidae Pest control Pest Control, Biological Plants (botany) Protein expression Proteins Seasonal variations Seasons Soil microorganisms Spodoptera frugiperda Toxins |
| title | Vip3A resistance alleles exist at high levels in Australian targets before release of cotton expressing this toxin |
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