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Effects of connectivity and recurrent local disturbances on community structure and population density in experimental metacommunities
Metacommunity theory poses that the occurrence and abundance of species is a product of local factors, including disturbance, and regional factors, like dispersal among patches. While metacommunity ideas have been broadly tested there is relatively little work on metacommunities subject to disturban...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2011-04, Vol.6 (4), p.e19525-e19525 |
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| creator | Altermatt, Florian Bieger, Annette Carrara, Francesco Rinaldo, Andrea Holyoak, Marcel |
| description | Metacommunity theory poses that the occurrence and abundance of species is a product of local factors, including disturbance, and regional factors, like dispersal among patches. While metacommunity ideas have been broadly tested there is relatively little work on metacommunities subject to disturbance. We focused on how localized disturbance and dispersal interact to determine species composition in metacommunities. Experiments conducted in simple two-patch habitats containing eight protozoa and rotifer species tested how dispersal altered community composition in both communities that were disturbed and communities that connected to refuge communities not subject to disturbance. While disturbance lowered population densities, in disturbed patches connected to undisturbed patches this was ameliorated by immigration. Furthermore, species with high dispersal abilities or growth rates showed the fastest post-disturbance recovery in presence of immigration. Connectivity helped to counteract the negative effect of disturbances on local populations, allowing mass-effect-driven dispersal of individuals from undisturbed to disturbed patches. In undisturbed patches, however, local population sizes were not significantly reduced by emigration. The absence of a cost of dispersal for undisturbed source populations is consistent with a lack of complex demography in our system, such as age- or sex-specific emigration. Our approach provides an improved way to separate components of population growth from organisms' movement in post-disturbance recovery of (meta)communities. Further studies are required in a variety of ecosystems to investigate the transient dynamics resulting from disturbance and dispersal. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0019525 |
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In undisturbed patches, however, local population sizes were not significantly reduced by emigration. The absence of a cost of dispersal for undisturbed source populations is consistent with a lack of complex demography in our system, such as age- or sex-specific emigration. Our approach provides an improved way to separate components of population growth from organisms' movement in post-disturbance recovery of (meta)communities. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Altermatt, Florian</au><au>Bieger, Annette</au><au>Carrara, Francesco</au><au>Rinaldo, Andrea</au><au>Holyoak, Marcel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of connectivity and recurrent local disturbances on community structure and population density in experimental metacommunities</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2011-04-29</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e19525</spage><epage>e19525</epage><pages>e19525-e19525</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Conceived and designed the experiments: FA AB FC MH. Performed the experiments: FA AB FC. Analyzed the data: FA AB FC MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FA AB FC AR MH. Wrote the paper: FA AB FC AR MH.</notes><abstract>Metacommunity theory poses that the occurrence and abundance of species is a product of local factors, including disturbance, and regional factors, like dispersal among patches. While metacommunity ideas have been broadly tested there is relatively little work on metacommunities subject to disturbance. We focused on how localized disturbance and dispersal interact to determine species composition in metacommunities. Experiments conducted in simple two-patch habitats containing eight protozoa and rotifer species tested how dispersal altered community composition in both communities that were disturbed and communities that connected to refuge communities not subject to disturbance. While disturbance lowered population densities, in disturbed patches connected to undisturbed patches this was ameliorated by immigration. Furthermore, species with high dispersal abilities or growth rates showed the fastest post-disturbance recovery in presence of immigration. Connectivity helped to counteract the negative effect of disturbances on local populations, allowing mass-effect-driven dispersal of individuals from undisturbed to disturbed patches. In undisturbed patches, however, local population sizes were not significantly reduced by emigration. The absence of a cost of dispersal for undisturbed source populations is consistent with a lack of complex demography in our system, such as age- or sex-specific emigration. Our approach provides an improved way to separate components of population growth from organisms' movement in post-disturbance recovery of (meta)communities. Further studies are required in a variety of ecosystems to investigate the transient dynamics resulting from disturbance and dispersal.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21559336</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0019525</doi><tpages>e19525</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Algorithms Animals Architectural engineering Bacterial Physiological Phenomena Biodiversity Biology Communities Community Community composition Community structure Conservation of Natural Resources Demography Dispersal Dispersion Disturbance Disturbances Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystems Emigration Emigration and immigration Environment Environmental engineering Environmental science Euglena gracilis - physiology Eukaryota - physiology Euplotes - physiology Experiments Flowers & plants Habitats Immigration Laboratories Local population Models, Biological Models, Statistical Motility Paramecium - physiology Paramecium aurelia - physiology Population Population Density Population Dynamics Population growth Protozoa Recovery Species composition Species Specificity Studies Theory Trends |
| title | Effects of connectivity and recurrent local disturbances on community structure and population density in experimental metacommunities |
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