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On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia
Abstract Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case w...
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Published in: | The Astrophysical journal 2023-05, Vol.948 (2), p.123 |
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creator | Hawkins, Keith Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Sheffield, Allyson A. Subrahimovic, Aidan Z. Beaton, Rachael L. Belokurov, Vasily Erkal, Denis Koposov, Sergey E. Lane, Richard R. Laporte, Chervin F. P. Nitschelm, Christian |
description | Abstract
Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA’s Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 10 stars) of the OC stream in the
α
(O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, and S), odd-
Z
(Al, K, and V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr), and neutron-capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a monometallic population and have a median metallicity of −1.92 dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the α elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second-generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars, namely the [
α
/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and the metallicity distribution, indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ∼10
6
M
⊙
. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/acb698 |
format | article |
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Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA’s Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 10 stars) of the OC stream in the
α
(O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, and S), odd-
Z
(Al, K, and V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr), and neutron-capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a monometallic population and have a median metallicity of −1.92 dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the α elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second-generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars, namely the [
α
/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and the metallicity distribution, indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ∼10
6
M
⊙
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb698</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Aluminum ; Apogees ; Astrometry ; Astronomy & Astrophysics ; ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ; Astrophysics ; Chemical abundances ; Dwarf galaxies ; Galactic evolution ; Galactic halos ; Globular clusters ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Metallicity ; Milky Way ; Nuclear capture ; Radial velocity ; Silicon ; Sky surveys (astronomy) ; Spheroidal galaxies ; Stars ; Stars & galaxies ; Stellar abundances ; Stellar streams ; Titanium</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2023-05, Vol.948 (2), p.123</ispartof><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-8d0520d08139152913ab8eb24723e8be3f3b507f5d29b21ae097dfe7a35a824b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-8d0520d08139152913ab8eb24723e8be3f3b507f5d29b21ae097dfe7a35a824b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0872-7098 ; 0000-0002-0837-6331 ; 0000-0003-4752-4365 ; 0000-0002-8448-5505 ; 0000-0003-2178-8792 ; 0000-0002-1691-8217 ; 0000-0003-1805-0316 ; 0000-0003-2644-135X ; 0000-0002-1423-2174 ; 0000-0002-0038-9584 ; 0000000214232174 ; 0000000200389584 ; 0000000308727098 ; 0000000216918217 ; 0000000347524365 ; 0000000321788792 ; 0000000208376331 ; 000000032644135X ; 0000000318050316 ; 0000000284485505</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2417896$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Price-Whelan, Adrian M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheffield, Allyson A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subrahimovic, Aidan Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beaton, Rachael L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belokurov, Vasily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erkal, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koposov, Sergey E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lane, Richard R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laporte, Chervin F. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nitschelm, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>Abstract
Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA’s Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 10 stars) of the OC stream in the
α
(O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, and S), odd-
Z
(Al, K, and V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr), and neutron-capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a monometallic population and have a median metallicity of −1.92 dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the α elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second-generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars, namely the [
α
/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and the metallicity distribution, indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ∼10
6
M
⊙
.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Apogees</subject><subject>Astrometry</subject><subject>Astronomy & Astrophysics</subject><subject>ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Chemical abundances</subject><subject>Dwarf galaxies</subject><subject>Galactic evolution</subject><subject>Galactic halos</subject><subject>Globular clusters</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Metallicity</subject><subject>Milky Way</subject><subject>Nuclear capture</subject><subject>Radial velocity</subject><subject>Silicon</subject><subject>Sky surveys (astronomy)</subject><subject>Spheroidal galaxies</subject><subject>Stars</subject><subject>Stars & galaxies</subject><subject>Stellar abundances</subject><subject>Stellar streams</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc2KFDEUhQtRsB3duwyKO8tJJalK4q5p256BgRZUcBdu5Wc6bXdSJmnE3bzDvKFPYtXUMG50dTmX7xzu5VTVywa_o4Lx86aloma05eeg-06KR9XiYfW4WmCMWd1R_u1p9Szn_SSJlIvq-zagsrPo4hQKcjHdiW3y1z5kFN29HHYQft_crnY2QI8-l2Th-B59sAX8wRq0PtijHf3L_hQMBG0z-unLDi0_bTfrNYJg0AY8PK-eODhk--J-nlVfP66_rC7qq-3mcrW8qjXjtNTC4JZgg0VDZdMS2VDohe0J44Ra0VvqaN9i7lpDZE8asFhy4ywH2oIgrKdn1eWcayLs1ZD8EdIvFcGru0VM1wpS8fpglTOux8x0ndaEdVJLBlpiI4AzzjXVY9arOSvm4lXWvli90zEEq4sirOFCdiP0eoaGFH-cbC5qH08pjD8qMn0hCSd8pPBM6RRzTtY9nNZgNXWopsLUVJiaOxwtb2aLj8PfTBj2SjKhiGoIVYNxI_f2H9x_Y_8At6-oZQ</recordid><startdate>20230501</startdate><enddate>20230501</enddate><creator>Hawkins, Keith</creator><creator>Price-Whelan, Adrian M.</creator><creator>Sheffield, Allyson A.</creator><creator>Subrahimovic, Aidan Z.</creator><creator>Beaton, Rachael L.</creator><creator>Belokurov, Vasily</creator><creator>Erkal, Denis</creator><creator>Koposov, Sergey E.</creator><creator>Lane, Richard R.</creator><creator>Laporte, Chervin F. P.</creator><creator>Nitschelm, Christian</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-7098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-6331</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-4365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-5505</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-8792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-8217</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1805-0316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-135X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-2174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9584</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000214232174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000200389584</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000308727098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000216918217</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000347524365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000321788792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000208376331</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/000000032644135X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000318050316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000284485505</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230501</creationdate><title>On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia</title><author>Hawkins, Keith ; Price-Whelan, Adrian M. ; Sheffield, Allyson A. ; Subrahimovic, Aidan Z. ; Beaton, Rachael L. ; Belokurov, Vasily ; Erkal, Denis ; Koposov, Sergey E. ; Lane, Richard R. ; Laporte, Chervin F. P. ; Nitschelm, Christian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-8d0520d08139152913ab8eb24723e8be3f3b507f5d29b21ae097dfe7a35a824b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Apogees</topic><topic>Astrometry</topic><topic>Astronomy & Astrophysics</topic><topic>ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Chemical abundances</topic><topic>Dwarf galaxies</topic><topic>Galactic evolution</topic><topic>Galactic halos</topic><topic>Globular clusters</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Metallicity</topic><topic>Milky Way</topic><topic>Nuclear capture</topic><topic>Radial velocity</topic><topic>Silicon</topic><topic>Sky surveys (astronomy)</topic><topic>Spheroidal galaxies</topic><topic>Stars</topic><topic>Stars & galaxies</topic><topic>Stellar abundances</topic><topic>Stellar streams</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Price-Whelan, Adrian M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheffield, Allyson A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subrahimovic, Aidan Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beaton, Rachael L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belokurov, Vasily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erkal, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koposov, Sergey E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lane, Richard R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laporte, Chervin F. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nitschelm, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>IOP Publishing Free Content</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hawkins, Keith</au><au>Price-Whelan, Adrian M.</au><au>Sheffield, Allyson A.</au><au>Subrahimovic, Aidan Z.</au><au>Beaton, Rachael L.</au><au>Belokurov, Vasily</au><au>Erkal, Denis</au><au>Koposov, Sergey E.</au><au>Lane, Richard R.</au><au>Laporte, Chervin F. P.</au><au>Nitschelm, Christian</au><aucorp>Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2023-05-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>948</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>123</spage><pages>123-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><notes>AAS39764</notes><notes>Stars and Stellar Physics</notes><notes>NA0003843; AST-1907417; AST-2108736; PHY-1607611</notes><notes>National Science Foundation (NSF)</notes><notes>USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)</notes><abstract>Abstract
Stellar streams in the Galactic halo are useful probes of the assembly of galaxies like the Milky Way. Many tidal stellar streams that have been found in recent years are accompanied by a known progenitor globular cluster or dwarf galaxy. However, the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream is one case where a relatively narrow stream of stars has been found without a known progenitor. In an effort to find the parent of the OC stream, we use astrometry from the early third data release of ESA’s Gaia mission (Gaia EDR3) and radial velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to find up to 13 stars that are likely members of the OC stream. We use the APOGEE survey to study the chemical nature (for up to 10 stars) of the OC stream in the
α
(O, Mg, Ca, Si, Ti, and S), odd-
Z
(Al, K, and V), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr), and neutron-capture (Ce) elemental groups. We find that the stars that make up the OC stream are not consistent with a monometallic population and have a median metallicity of −1.92 dex with a dispersion of 0.28 dex. Our results also indicate that the α elements are depleted compared to the known Milky Way populations and that its [Mg/Al] abundance ratio is not consistent with second-generation stars from globular clusters. The detailed chemical pattern of these stars, namely the [
α
/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and the metallicity distribution, indicates that the OC stream progenitor is very likely to be a dwarf spheroidal galaxy with a mass of ∼10
6
M
⊙
.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The American Astronomical Society</pub><doi>10.3847/1538-4357/acb698</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-7098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-6331</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-4365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-5505</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-8792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-8217</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1805-0316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-135X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-2174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9584</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000214232174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000200389584</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000308727098</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000216918217</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000347524365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000321788792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000208376331</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/000000032644135X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000318050316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000284485505</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | EZB Free E-Journals |
subjects | Abundance Aluminum Apogees Astrometry Astronomy & Astrophysics ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Astrophysics Chemical abundances Dwarf galaxies Galactic evolution Galactic halos Globular clusters Iron Magnesium Manganese Metallicity Milky Way Nuclear capture Radial velocity Silicon Sky surveys (astronomy) Spheroidal galaxies Stars Stars & galaxies Stellar abundances Stellar streams Titanium |
title | On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia |
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