Loading…
THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE
Sulfur abundances derived from optical emission line measurements and ionization correction factors (ICFs) in planetary nebulae are systematically lower than expected for the objects' metallicities. We have carefully considered a large range of explanations for this "sulfur anomaly,"...
Saved in:
Published in: | The Astrophysical journal 2012-04, Vol.749 (1), p.1-15 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3 |
container_end_page | 15 |
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 1 |
container_title | The Astrophysical journal |
container_volume | 749 |
creator | HENRY, R. B. C SPECK, Angela KARAKAS, Amanda I FERLAND, Gary J MAGUIRE, Mason |
description | Sulfur abundances derived from optical emission line measurements and ionization correction factors (ICFs) in planetary nebulae are systematically lower than expected for the objects' metallicities. We have carefully considered a large range of explanations for this "sulfur anomaly," including: (1) correlations between the size of the sulfur deficit and numerous nebular and central star properties, (2) ICFs which undercorrect for unobserved ions, (3) effects of dielectronic recombination on the sulfur ionization balance, (4) sequestering of S into dust and/or molecules, and (5) excessive destruction of S or production of O by asymptotic giant branch stars. It appears that all but the second scenario can be ruled out. However, we find evidence that the sulfur deficit is generally reduced but not eliminated when S super(+3) abundances determined directly from IR measurements are used in place of the customary sulfur ICF. We tentatively conclude that the sulfur anomaly is caused by the inability of commonly used ICFs to properly correct for populations of ionization stages higher than S super(+2). |
doi_str_mv | 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/61 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_osti_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_osti_scitechconnect_22020488</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1685827503</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUtLw0AUhQdRsFb_gKuACG5i5j2TZZqmD4ippA3oaphOJxhpm5pJF_57E1q6dnW53O8cuOcA8IjgK4JSBhBC6nMiPgJBwwAFHF2BAWJE-pQwcQ0GF-AW3Dn33a84DAdgspolXlzk80Wx9OJFVmTjvHjz8mQa5eN5NvWWRTopci8adZcoi5OlN8-89zTKklWUf3pZMirSKLkHN6XeOvtwnkNQTJJVPPPTxXQeR6lvKGKtvwk3NhSUUIZFKalGTHMYYgTZRhrDraWCl5pv1rBcIwElk4aR7gOLNeNCaDIETyff2rWVcqZqrfky9X5vTaswhhhSKTvq5UQdmvrnaF2rdpUzdrvVe1sfnUK8c8aCQfIfFFLKEUIdik-oaWrnGluqQ1PtdPOrEFR9C6pPVfUhq64FhRTvRc9nf-2M3paN3pvKXZSYY0IhFOQP3qV-VA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1680446111</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE</title><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>HENRY, R. B. C ; SPECK, Angela ; KARAKAS, Amanda I ; FERLAND, Gary J ; MAGUIRE, Mason</creator><creatorcontrib>HENRY, R. B. C ; SPECK, Angela ; KARAKAS, Amanda I ; FERLAND, Gary J ; MAGUIRE, Mason</creatorcontrib><description>Sulfur abundances derived from optical emission line measurements and ionization correction factors (ICFs) in planetary nebulae are systematically lower than expected for the objects' metallicities. We have carefully considered a large range of explanations for this "sulfur anomaly," including: (1) correlations between the size of the sulfur deficit and numerous nebular and central star properties, (2) ICFs which undercorrect for unobserved ions, (3) effects of dielectronic recombination on the sulfur ionization balance, (4) sequestering of S into dust and/or molecules, and (5) excessive destruction of S or production of O by asymptotic giant branch stars. It appears that all but the second scenario can be ruled out. However, we find evidence that the sulfur deficit is generally reduced but not eliminated when S super(+3) abundances determined directly from IR measurements are used in place of the customary sulfur ICF. We tentatively conclude that the sulfur anomaly is caused by the inability of commonly used ICFs to properly correct for populations of ionization stages higher than S super(+2).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/61</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ASJOAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP</publisher><subject>ABUNDANCE ; Anomalies ; Astronomy ; ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY ; Asymptotic giant branch stars ; Balancing ; DUSTS ; Earth, ocean, space ; Emission ; Exact sciences and technology ; IONIZATION ; Metallicity ; PHOTON EMISSION ; PLANETARY NEBULAE ; RECOMBINATION ; Sequestering ; STAR EVOLUTION ; STARS ; Sulfur</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2012-04, Vol.749 (1), p.1-15</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26234007$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22020488$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>HENRY, R. B. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SPECK, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KARAKAS, Amanda I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FERLAND, Gary J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MAGUIRE, Mason</creatorcontrib><title>THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><description>Sulfur abundances derived from optical emission line measurements and ionization correction factors (ICFs) in planetary nebulae are systematically lower than expected for the objects' metallicities. We have carefully considered a large range of explanations for this "sulfur anomaly," including: (1) correlations between the size of the sulfur deficit and numerous nebular and central star properties, (2) ICFs which undercorrect for unobserved ions, (3) effects of dielectronic recombination on the sulfur ionization balance, (4) sequestering of S into dust and/or molecules, and (5) excessive destruction of S or production of O by asymptotic giant branch stars. It appears that all but the second scenario can be ruled out. However, we find evidence that the sulfur deficit is generally reduced but not eliminated when S super(+3) abundances determined directly from IR measurements are used in place of the customary sulfur ICF. We tentatively conclude that the sulfur anomaly is caused by the inability of commonly used ICFs to properly correct for populations of ionization stages higher than S super(+2).</description><subject>ABUNDANCE</subject><subject>Anomalies</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY</subject><subject>Asymptotic giant branch stars</subject><subject>Balancing</subject><subject>DUSTS</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>IONIZATION</subject><subject>Metallicity</subject><subject>PHOTON EMISSION</subject><subject>PLANETARY NEBULAE</subject><subject>RECOMBINATION</subject><subject>Sequestering</subject><subject>STAR EVOLUTION</subject><subject>STARS</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkUtLw0AUhQdRsFb_gKuACG5i5j2TZZqmD4ippA3oaphOJxhpm5pJF_57E1q6dnW53O8cuOcA8IjgK4JSBhBC6nMiPgJBwwAFHF2BAWJE-pQwcQ0GF-AW3Dn33a84DAdgspolXlzk80Wx9OJFVmTjvHjz8mQa5eN5NvWWRTopci8adZcoi5OlN8-89zTKklWUf3pZMirSKLkHN6XeOvtwnkNQTJJVPPPTxXQeR6lvKGKtvwk3NhSUUIZFKalGTHMYYgTZRhrDraWCl5pv1rBcIwElk4aR7gOLNeNCaDIETyff2rWVcqZqrfky9X5vTaswhhhSKTvq5UQdmvrnaF2rdpUzdrvVe1sfnUK8c8aCQfIfFFLKEUIdik-oaWrnGluqQ1PtdPOrEFR9C6pPVfUhq64FhRTvRc9nf-2M3paN3pvKXZSYY0IhFOQP3qV-VA</recordid><startdate>20120410</startdate><enddate>20120410</enddate><creator>HENRY, R. B. C</creator><creator>SPECK, Angela</creator><creator>KARAKAS, Amanda I</creator><creator>FERLAND, Gary J</creator><creator>MAGUIRE, Mason</creator><general>IOP</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120410</creationdate><title>THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE</title><author>HENRY, R. B. C ; SPECK, Angela ; KARAKAS, Amanda I ; FERLAND, Gary J ; MAGUIRE, Mason</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>ABUNDANCE</topic><topic>Anomalies</topic><topic>Astronomy</topic><topic>ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY</topic><topic>Asymptotic giant branch stars</topic><topic>Balancing</topic><topic>DUSTS</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>IONIZATION</topic><topic>Metallicity</topic><topic>PHOTON EMISSION</topic><topic>PLANETARY NEBULAE</topic><topic>RECOMBINATION</topic><topic>Sequestering</topic><topic>STAR EVOLUTION</topic><topic>STARS</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HENRY, R. B. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SPECK, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KARAKAS, Amanda I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FERLAND, Gary J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MAGUIRE, Mason</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HENRY, R. B. C</au><au>SPECK, Angela</au><au>KARAKAS, Amanda I</au><au>FERLAND, Gary J</au><au>MAGUIRE, Mason</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><date>2012-04-10</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>749</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>15</epage><pages>1-15</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><coden>ASJOAB</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Sulfur abundances derived from optical emission line measurements and ionization correction factors (ICFs) in planetary nebulae are systematically lower than expected for the objects' metallicities. We have carefully considered a large range of explanations for this "sulfur anomaly," including: (1) correlations between the size of the sulfur deficit and numerous nebular and central star properties, (2) ICFs which undercorrect for unobserved ions, (3) effects of dielectronic recombination on the sulfur ionization balance, (4) sequestering of S into dust and/or molecules, and (5) excessive destruction of S or production of O by asymptotic giant branch stars. It appears that all but the second scenario can be ruled out. However, we find evidence that the sulfur deficit is generally reduced but not eliminated when S super(+3) abundances determined directly from IR measurements are used in place of the customary sulfur ICF. We tentatively conclude that the sulfur anomaly is caused by the inability of commonly used ICFs to properly correct for populations of ionization stages higher than S super(+2).</abstract><cop>Bristol</cop><pub>IOP</pub><doi>10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/61</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0004-637X |
ispartof | The Astrophysical journal, 2012-04, Vol.749 (1), p.1-15 |
issn | 0004-637X 1538-4357 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_22020488 |
source | EZB Electronic Journals Library |
subjects | ABUNDANCE Anomalies Astronomy ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY Asymptotic giant branch stars Balancing DUSTS Earth, ocean, space Emission Exact sciences and technology IONIZATION Metallicity PHOTON EMISSION PLANETARY NEBULAE RECOMBINATION Sequestering STAR EVOLUTION STARS Sulfur |
title | THE CURIOUS CONUNDRUM REGARDING SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-09-21T21%3A38%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_osti_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=THE%20CURIOUS%20CONUNDRUM%20REGARDING%20SULFUR%20ABUNDANCES%20IN%20PLANETARY%20NEBULAE&rft.jtitle=The%20Astrophysical%20journal&rft.au=HENRY,%20R.%20B.%20C&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.volume=749&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=15&rft.pages=1-15&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft.eissn=1538-4357&rft.coden=ASJOAB&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/61&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_osti_%3E1685827503%3C/proquest_osti_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d9de97434527f84a15a6092105d8cc6ee476fa6db0fb170858c53435e2a5677a3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1680446111&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |