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Biofuel Options for Marine Applications: Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analyses
This study performed technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses to assess the economic feasibility and emission benefits and tradeoffs of various biofuel production pathways as an alternative to conventional marine fuels. We analyzed production pathways for (1) Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and co...
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| Published in: | Environmental science & technology 2021-06, Vol.55 (11), p.7561-7570 |
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| creator | Tan, Eric C. D Hawkins, Troy R Lee, Uisung Tao, Ling Meyer, Pimphan A Wang, Michael Thompson, Tom |
| description | This study performed technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses to assess the economic feasibility and emission benefits and tradeoffs of various biofuel production pathways as an alternative to conventional marine fuels. We analyzed production pathways for (1) Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and cofeeding biomass with natural gas or coal, (2) renewable diesel via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids from yellow grease and cofeeding yellow grease with heavy oil, and (3) bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of low-ash woody feedstock. We also developed a new version of the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) marine fuel module for the estimation of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions of conventional and biobased marine fuels. The alternative fuels considered have a minimum fuel selling price between 2.36 and 4.58 $/heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE), and all exhibit improved life-cycle GHG emissions compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO), with reductions ranging from 40 to 93%. The alternative fuels also exhibit reductions in sulfur oxides and particulate matter emissions. Additionally, when compared with marine gas oil and liquified natural gas, they perform favorably across most emission categories except for cases where carbon and sulfur emissions are increased by the cofed fossil feedstocks. The pyrolysis bio-oil offers the most promising marginal CO2 abatement cost at less than $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$1.09/HFOGE followed by Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and natural gas pathways, which fall below $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$2.25/HFOGE. Pathways that cofeed fossil feedstocks with biomass do not perform as well for marginal CO2 abatement cost, particularly at low HFO prices. This study indicates that biofuels could be a cost-effective means of reducing GHG, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter emissions from the maritime shipping industry and that cofeeding biomass with natural gas could be a practical approach to smooth a transition to biofuels by reducing alternative fuel costs while still lowering GHG emissions, although marginal CO2 abatement costs are less favorable for the fossil cofeed pathways. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.0c06141 |
| format | article |
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D ; Hawkins, Troy R ; Lee, Uisung ; Tao, Ling ; Meyer, Pimphan A ; Wang, Michael ; Thompson, Tom</creator><creatorcontrib>Tan, Eric C. D ; Hawkins, Troy R ; Lee, Uisung ; Tao, Ling ; Meyer, Pimphan A ; Wang, Michael ; Thompson, Tom ; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>This study performed technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses to assess the economic feasibility and emission benefits and tradeoffs of various biofuel production pathways as an alternative to conventional marine fuels. We analyzed production pathways for (1) Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and cofeeding biomass with natural gas or coal, (2) renewable diesel via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids from yellow grease and cofeeding yellow grease with heavy oil, and (3) bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of low-ash woody feedstock. We also developed a new version of the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) marine fuel module for the estimation of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions of conventional and biobased marine fuels. The alternative fuels considered have a minimum fuel selling price between 2.36 and 4.58 $/heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE), and all exhibit improved life-cycle GHG emissions compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO), with reductions ranging from 40 to 93%. The alternative fuels also exhibit reductions in sulfur oxides and particulate matter emissions. Additionally, when compared with marine gas oil and liquified natural gas, they perform favorably across most emission categories except for cases where carbon and sulfur emissions are increased by the cofed fossil feedstocks. The pyrolysis bio-oil offers the most promising marginal CO2 abatement cost at less than $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$1.09/HFOGE followed by Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and natural gas pathways, which fall below $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$2.25/HFOGE. Pathways that cofeed fossil feedstocks with biomass do not perform as well for marginal CO2 abatement cost, particularly at low HFO prices. This study indicates that biofuels could be a cost-effective means of reducing GHG, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter emissions from the maritime shipping industry and that cofeeding biomass with natural gas could be a practical approach to smooth a transition to biofuels by reducing alternative fuel costs while still lowering GHG emissions, although marginal CO2 abatement costs are less favorable for the fossil cofeed pathways.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06141</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33998807</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>09 BIOMASS FUELS ; Air pollution ; Alternative fuels ; bio-oil ; Biodiesel fuels ; Biofuels ; Biomass ; Carbon dioxide ; Costs ; Diesel ; Diesel fuels ; Economic analysis ; Emission analysis ; Emissions ; Energy and Climate ; Energy consumption ; Esters ; Fatty acids ; Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel ; Fuel oils ; Fuel technology ; Fuels ; Gas oil ; Gases ; Grease ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; LCA ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; marine biofuels ; Marine transportation ; Natural gas ; Oil ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Pollutants ; Pollution abatement ; Prices ; Pyrolysis ; Raw materials ; renewable diesel ; Shipping industry ; Sulfur ; Sulfur oxides ; TEA ; techno-economic analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2021-06, Vol.55 (11), p.7561-7570</ispartof><rights>2021 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Jun 1, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a429t-6151379579d5bf710e3aa346e20e5d4e85b1c2d605b50972445b9921b43207723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a429t-6151379579d5bf710e3aa346e20e5d4e85b1c2d605b50972445b9921b43207723</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1063-1984 ; 0000-0002-0272-4876 ; 0000-0002-9110-2410 ; 0000000310631984 ; 0000000291102410 ; 0000000202724876</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33998807$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1785335$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tan, Eric C. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, Troy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Uisung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Pimphan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Biofuel Options for Marine Applications: Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analyses</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>This study performed technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses to assess the economic feasibility and emission benefits and tradeoffs of various biofuel production pathways as an alternative to conventional marine fuels. We analyzed production pathways for (1) Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and cofeeding biomass with natural gas or coal, (2) renewable diesel via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids from yellow grease and cofeeding yellow grease with heavy oil, and (3) bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of low-ash woody feedstock. We also developed a new version of the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) marine fuel module for the estimation of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions of conventional and biobased marine fuels. The alternative fuels considered have a minimum fuel selling price between 2.36 and 4.58 $/heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE), and all exhibit improved life-cycle GHG emissions compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO), with reductions ranging from 40 to 93%. The alternative fuels also exhibit reductions in sulfur oxides and particulate matter emissions. Additionally, when compared with marine gas oil and liquified natural gas, they perform favorably across most emission categories except for cases where carbon and sulfur emissions are increased by the cofed fossil feedstocks. The pyrolysis bio-oil offers the most promising marginal CO2 abatement cost at less than $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$1.09/HFOGE followed by Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and natural gas pathways, which fall below $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$2.25/HFOGE. Pathways that cofeed fossil feedstocks with biomass do not perform as well for marginal CO2 abatement cost, particularly at low HFO prices. This study indicates that biofuels could be a cost-effective means of reducing GHG, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter emissions from the maritime shipping industry and that cofeeding biomass with natural gas could be a practical approach to smooth a transition to biofuels by reducing alternative fuel costs while still lowering GHG emissions, although marginal CO2 abatement costs are less favorable for the fossil cofeed pathways.</description><subject>09 BIOMASS FUELS</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Alternative fuels</subject><subject>bio-oil</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>Biofuels</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Diesel</subject><subject>Diesel fuels</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy and Climate</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Esters</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel</subject><subject>Fuel oils</subject><subject>Fuel technology</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Gas oil</subject><subject>Gases</subject><subject>Grease</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>LCA</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle assessment</subject><subject>marine biofuels</subject><subject>Marine transportation</subject><subject>Natural gas</subject><subject>Oil</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution abatement</subject><subject>Prices</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>renewable diesel</subject><subject>Shipping industry</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur oxides</subject><subject>TEA</subject><subject>techno-economic analysis</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc9r2zAUx8VoWdNu592KaS-F4uTply31loWtHWTkksFuQpafqYpjeZZ9yH9fZcl6GPT0QHy-3_d9-hLyhcKcAqML6-Ic4zgHBwUV9AOZUckgl0rSMzIDoDzXvPh9QS5jfAEAxkF9JBeca60UlDOy-epDM2GbbfrRhy5mTRiyn3bwHWbLvm-9s3_fH7ItuucuoAtd2HmX2a7O1r7BfLV3bWI72-4jxk_kvLFtxM-neUV-ff-2XT3l683jj9VynVvB9JgXVFJealnqWlZNSQG5tVwUyABlLVDJijpWFyArCbpkQshKa0YrwRmUJeNX5OboG-LoTXR-TPFStg7daGipJOcyQXdHqB_Cnyn9k9n56LBtbYdhioZJpgSnTKiE3v6HvoRpSEcdKMFVyiZ1ohZHyg0hxgEb0w9-Z4e9oWAOhZhUiDmoT4UkxfXJd6p2WL_x_xpIwP0ROCjfdr5n9wrQDJMA</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Tan, Eric C. D</creator><creator>Hawkins, Troy R</creator><creator>Lee, Uisung</creator><creator>Tao, Ling</creator><creator>Meyer, Pimphan A</creator><creator>Wang, Michael</creator><creator>Thompson, Tom</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>American Chemical Society (ACS)</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-1984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-4876</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-2410</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000310631984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000291102410</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000202724876</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Biofuel Options for Marine Applications: Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analyses</title><author>Tan, Eric C. D ; Hawkins, Troy R ; Lee, Uisung ; Tao, Ling ; Meyer, Pimphan A ; Wang, Michael ; Thompson, Tom</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a429t-6151379579d5bf710e3aa346e20e5d4e85b1c2d605b50972445b9921b43207723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>09 BIOMASS FUELS</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Alternative fuels</topic><topic>bio-oil</topic><topic>Biodiesel fuels</topic><topic>Biofuels</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Costs</topic><topic>Diesel</topic><topic>Diesel fuels</topic><topic>Economic analysis</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Energy and Climate</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Esters</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel</topic><topic>Fuel oils</topic><topic>Fuel technology</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Gas oil</topic><topic>Gases</topic><topic>Grease</topic><topic>Greenhouse effect</topic><topic>Greenhouse gases</topic><topic>LCA</topic><topic>Life cycle analysis</topic><topic>Life cycle assessment</topic><topic>marine biofuels</topic><topic>Marine transportation</topic><topic>Natural gas</topic><topic>Oil</topic><topic>Particulate emissions</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution abatement</topic><topic>Prices</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>renewable diesel</topic><topic>Shipping industry</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Sulfur oxides</topic><topic>TEA</topic><topic>techno-economic analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tan, Eric C. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hawkins, Troy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Uisung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Pimphan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Tom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tan, Eric C. D</au><au>Hawkins, Troy R</au><au>Lee, Uisung</au><au>Tao, Ling</au><au>Meyer, Pimphan A</au><au>Wang, Michael</au><au>Thompson, Tom</au><aucorp>National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biofuel Options for Marine Applications: Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analyses</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>7561</spage><epage>7570</epage><pages>7561-7570</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Maritime Administration</notes><notes>NREL/JA-5100-76829</notes><notes>AC36-08GO28308</notes><notes>USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office</notes><abstract>This study performed technoeconomic and life-cycle analyses to assess the economic feasibility and emission benefits and tradeoffs of various biofuel production pathways as an alternative to conventional marine fuels. We analyzed production pathways for (1) Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and cofeeding biomass with natural gas or coal, (2) renewable diesel via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids from yellow grease and cofeeding yellow grease with heavy oil, and (3) bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of low-ash woody feedstock. We also developed a new version of the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) marine fuel module for the estimation of life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions of conventional and biobased marine fuels. The alternative fuels considered have a minimum fuel selling price between 2.36 and 4.58 $/heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE), and all exhibit improved life-cycle GHG emissions compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO), with reductions ranging from 40 to 93%. The alternative fuels also exhibit reductions in sulfur oxides and particulate matter emissions. Additionally, when compared with marine gas oil and liquified natural gas, they perform favorably across most emission categories except for cases where carbon and sulfur emissions are increased by the cofed fossil feedstocks. The pyrolysis bio-oil offers the most promising marginal CO2 abatement cost at less than $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$1.09/HFOGE followed by Fischer–Tropsch diesel from biomass and natural gas pathways, which fall below $100/tonne CO2e for HFO prices >$2.25/HFOGE. Pathways that cofeed fossil feedstocks with biomass do not perform as well for marginal CO2 abatement cost, particularly at low HFO prices. This study indicates that biofuels could be a cost-effective means of reducing GHG, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter emissions from the maritime shipping industry and that cofeeding biomass with natural gas could be a practical approach to smooth a transition to biofuels by reducing alternative fuel costs while still lowering GHG emissions, although marginal CO2 abatement costs are less favorable for the fossil cofeed pathways.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>33998807</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.0c06141</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-1984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-4876</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-2410</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000310631984</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000291102410</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000202724876</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2021-06, Vol.55 (11), p.7561-7570 |
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| source | American Chemical Society:Jisc Collections:American Chemical Society Read & Publish Agreement 2022-2024 (Reading list) |
| subjects | 09 BIOMASS FUELS Air pollution Alternative fuels bio-oil Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomass Carbon dioxide Costs Diesel Diesel fuels Economic analysis Emission analysis Emissions Energy and Climate Energy consumption Esters Fatty acids Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel Fuel oils Fuel technology Fuels Gas oil Gases Grease Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases LCA Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment marine biofuels Marine transportation Natural gas Oil Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Pollution abatement Prices Pyrolysis Raw materials renewable diesel Shipping industry Sulfur Sulfur oxides TEA techno-economic analysis |
| title | Biofuel Options for Marine Applications: Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analyses |
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