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KiSS-1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Ewe Is Regulated by Sex Steroids and Season
The KiSS-1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin function appears to be critical for GnRH secretion and the initiation of puberty. To test the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate KiSS-1 mRNA expre...
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| Published in: | Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2007-03, Vol.148 (3), p.1150-1157 |
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| container_end_page | 1157 |
| container_issue | 3 |
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| container_title | Endocrinology (Philadelphia) |
| container_volume | 148 |
| creator | Smith, Jeremy T Clay, Colin M Caraty, Alain Clarke, Iain J |
| description | The KiSS-1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin function appears to be critical for GnRH secretion and the initiation of puberty. To test the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ewe, we examined the brains of ovary-intact (luteal phase) and ovariectomized (OVX) ewes, as well as OVX ewes that received estradiol (E) or progesterone (P) replacement. KiSS-1 mRNA-expressing cells were predominantly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Here, expression was increased after OVX but returned to the level of gonad-intact animals with E treatment. Treatment with P partially restored KiSS-1 expression toward gonad-intact levels. Double-label immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 86% of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in the ARC are also P-receptor positive. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that KiSS-1 mRNA is lower during anestrus, due to a non-steroid-dependent seasonal effect. In OVX ewes, expression in the ARC was lower at the time of year corresponding to anestrus. We conclude that KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of the ewe brain is negatively regulated by chronic levels of E and P, suggesting that both steroids may exert negative feedback control on GnRH secretion through altered kisspeptin signaling. Furthermore, a seasonal alteration in KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of OVX ewes strongly suggests that kisspeptin is fundamentally involved in the control of seasonal changes in reproductive function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/en.2006-1435 |
| format | article |
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Kisspeptin function appears to be critical for GnRH secretion and the initiation of puberty. To test the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ewe, we examined the brains of ovary-intact (luteal phase) and ovariectomized (OVX) ewes, as well as OVX ewes that received estradiol (E) or progesterone (P) replacement. KiSS-1 mRNA-expressing cells were predominantly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Here, expression was increased after OVX but returned to the level of gonad-intact animals with E treatment. Treatment with P partially restored KiSS-1 expression toward gonad-intact levels. Double-label immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 86% of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in the ARC are also P-receptor positive. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that KiSS-1 mRNA is lower during anestrus, due to a non-steroid-dependent seasonal effect. In OVX ewes, expression in the ARC was lower at the time of year corresponding to anestrus. We conclude that KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of the ewe brain is negatively regulated by chronic levels of E and P, suggesting that both steroids may exert negative feedback control on GnRH secretion through altered kisspeptin signaling. Furthermore, a seasonal alteration in KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of OVX ewes strongly suggests that kisspeptin is fundamentally involved in the control of seasonal changes in reproductive function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-7227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1435</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17185374</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENDOAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Endocrine Society</publisher><subject>Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - drug effects ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Endocrinology and metabolism ; Estradiol - pharmacology ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology ; Human health and pathology ; Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Life Sciences ; Ovariectomy ; Progesterone - pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Seasons ; Sheep - metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2007-03, Vol.148 (3), p.1150-1157</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-b6a099c2c0a149f958f605e70062b2ae35c2407e83004478540a848ee5fa778c3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18561238$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02657045$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, Jeremy T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clay, Colin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caraty, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Iain J</creatorcontrib><title>KiSS-1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Ewe Is Regulated by Sex Steroids and Season</title><title>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</title><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><description>The KiSS-1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin function appears to be critical for GnRH secretion and the initiation of puberty. To test the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ewe, we examined the brains of ovary-intact (luteal phase) and ovariectomized (OVX) ewes, as well as OVX ewes that received estradiol (E) or progesterone (P) replacement. KiSS-1 mRNA-expressing cells were predominantly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Here, expression was increased after OVX but returned to the level of gonad-intact animals with E treatment. Treatment with P partially restored KiSS-1 expression toward gonad-intact levels. Double-label immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 86% of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in the ARC are also P-receptor positive. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that KiSS-1 mRNA is lower during anestrus, due to a non-steroid-dependent seasonal effect. In OVX ewes, expression in the ARC was lower at the time of year corresponding to anestrus. We conclude that KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of the ewe brain is negatively regulated by chronic levels of E and P, suggesting that both steroids may exert negative feedback control on GnRH secretion through altered kisspeptin signaling. Furthermore, a seasonal alteration in KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of OVX ewes strongly suggests that kisspeptin is fundamentally involved in the control of seasonal changes in reproductive function.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - drug effects</subject><subject>Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Endocrinology and metabolism</subject><subject>Estradiol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</subject><subject>Human health and pathology</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Ovariectomy</subject><subject>Progesterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sheep - metabolism</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><subject>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0013-7227</issn><issn>1945-7170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc1vEzEUxC0EoqFw44x8AQmJLf5ce49RFUhFEFIDZ8vrfdu62tjB3oXmv8fbRPSCxMny-KfxvDcIvabkgjJKPkK4YITUFRVcPkEL2ghZKarIU7QghPJKMabO0Iuc78pVCMGfozOqqJZciQXKX_x2W1H8FXKGcAMJX_s2hskN4B1eOt_h1f0-lVcfA_YBj7eA14d9HG_tYHdTxrF_0Fa_AV9lfA0302BH6HB7wFu4x9sRUvRdxjZ0RbA5hpfoWW-HDK9O5zn68Wn1_XJdbb59vrpcbionORurtrakaRxzxFLR9I3UfU0kqDIsa5kFLh0TRIHmhAihtBTEaqEBZG-V0o6fo_dH3xLV7JPf2XQw0XqzXm7MrBFWS0WE_EUL--7I7lP8OUEezc5nB8NgA8Qpm7opuySN_i9IG6loLWbHD0fQpZhzgv5vBErM3JyBYObmzNxcwd-cfKd2B90jfKqqAG9PgM3ODn2ywfn8yGlZU8bngPzIQeiiSz7AQ33mLk4plHX_-_s_tsevBA</recordid><startdate>20070301</startdate><enddate>20070301</enddate><creator>Smith, Jeremy T</creator><creator>Clay, Colin M</creator><creator>Caraty, Alain</creator><creator>Clarke, Iain J</creator><general>Endocrine Society</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070301</creationdate><title>KiSS-1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Ewe Is Regulated by Sex Steroids and Season</title><author>Smith, Jeremy T ; Clay, Colin M ; Caraty, Alain ; Clarke, Iain J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-b6a099c2c0a149f958f605e70062b2ae35c2407e83004478540a848ee5fa778c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - drug effects</topic><topic>Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Endocrinology and metabolism</topic><topic>Estradiol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</topic><topic>Human health and pathology</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Ovariectomy</topic><topic>Progesterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sheep - metabolism</topic><topic>Tissue Distribution</topic><topic>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Smith, Jeremy T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clay, Colin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caraty, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Iain J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, Jeremy T</au><au>Clay, Colin M</au><au>Caraty, Alain</au><au>Clarke, Iain J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>KiSS-1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Ewe Is Regulated by Sex Steroids and Season</atitle><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><date>2007-03-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>148</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1150</spage><epage>1157</epage><pages>1150-1157</pages><issn>0013-7227</issn><eissn>1945-7170</eissn><coden>ENDOAO</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>The KiSS-1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin function appears to be critical for GnRH secretion and the initiation of puberty. To test the hypothesis that steroid hormones regulate KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ewe, we examined the brains of ovary-intact (luteal phase) and ovariectomized (OVX) ewes, as well as OVX ewes that received estradiol (E) or progesterone (P) replacement. KiSS-1 mRNA-expressing cells were predominantly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Here, expression was increased after OVX but returned to the level of gonad-intact animals with E treatment. Treatment with P partially restored KiSS-1 expression toward gonad-intact levels. Double-label immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 86% of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in the ARC are also P-receptor positive. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that KiSS-1 mRNA is lower during anestrus, due to a non-steroid-dependent seasonal effect. In OVX ewes, expression in the ARC was lower at the time of year corresponding to anestrus. We conclude that KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of the ewe brain is negatively regulated by chronic levels of E and P, suggesting that both steroids may exert negative feedback control on GnRH secretion through altered kisspeptin signaling. Furthermore, a seasonal alteration in KiSS-1 expression in the ARC of OVX ewes strongly suggests that kisspeptin is fundamentally involved in the control of seasonal changes in reproductive function.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Endocrine Society</pub><pmid>17185374</pmid><doi>10.1210/en.2006-1435</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - drug effects Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Endocrinology and metabolism Estradiol - pharmacology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology Human health and pathology Hypothalamus - metabolism Life Sciences Ovariectomy Progesterone - pharmacology RNA, Messenger - metabolism Seasons Sheep - metabolism Tissue Distribution Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | KiSS-1 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Hypothalamus of the Ewe Is Regulated by Sex Steroids and Season |
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