Genome Regulation by Polycomb and Trithorax: 70 Years and Counting

Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-modifying factors originally identified as part of an epigenetic cellular memory system that maintains repressed or active gene expression states. Recently, they have been shown to globally control a plethora o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell 2017-09, Vol.171 (1), p.34-57
Main Authors: Schuettengruber, Bernd, Bourbon, Henri-Marc, Di Croce, Luciano, Cavalli, Giacomo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
cancer
cellular memory
chromatin
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - history
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - metabolism
development
Embryonic Stem Cells - metabolism
epigenetics
Gene Expression Regulation
Genome
Genomics
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Life Sciences
Neoplasms - metabolism
nuclear architecture
polycomb
Polycomb-Group Proteins - history
Polycomb-Group Proteins - metabolism
transcription
transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
trithorax
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Summary:Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-modifying factors originally identified as part of an epigenetic cellular memory system that maintains repressed or active gene expression states. Recently, they have been shown to globally control a plethora of cellular processes. This functional diversity is achieved by their ability to regulate chromatin at multiple levels, ranging from modifying local chromatin structure to orchestrating the three-dimensional organization of the genome. Understanding this system is a fascinating challenge of critical relevance for biology and medicine, since misexpression or mutation of multiple PcG components, as well as of TrxG members of the COMPASS family and of the SWI/SNF complex, is implicated in cancer and other diseases. Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins are chromatin-modifying factors that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, from modifying local chromatin structure to orchestrating the three-dimensional organization of the genome.
ISSN:0092-8674
1097-4172
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.002