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Subcuticular Bacteria Associated with Two Common New Zealand Echinoderms: Characterization Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization
Many echinoderms contain subcuticular bacteria (SCB), symbionts which reside in the lumen between the host's epidermal cells and outer cuticle. This relationship is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylo...
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| Published in: | The Biological bulletin (Lancaster) 2010-02, Vol.218 (1), p.95-104 |
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| creator | Lawrence, Scott A. O'Toole, Ronan Taylor, Michael W. Davy, Simon K. |
| description | Many echinoderms contain subcuticular bacteria (SCB), symbionts which reside in the lumen between the host's epidermal cells and outer cuticle. This relationship is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 16S rRNA sequences obtained from echinoderm-associated bacteria, resulting in the identification of four species of putative SCB. All four bacteria were identified from the holothurian Stichopus mollis, and two of the four were also found in the asteroid Patiriella sp. Two of these bacteria belong to the Alphaproteobacteria, and two to the Gammaproteobacteria. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were carried out on Patiriella sp., S. mollis, and the asteroid Astrostole scabra. Results showed that Patiriella sp. and S. mollis contain SCB, in agreement with the phylogenetic analysis, while SCB were not detected in A. scabra. Of the bacteria detected using FISH, more than 80% were recognized as belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria in both host species. However, in S. mollis about 20% of the detected SCB successfully hybridized with the Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe, whereas bacteria belonging to this class were never observed in Patiriella sp. This is only the second study to characterize SCB by molecular means, and is the first to identify SCB in situ using FISH. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1086/BBLv218n1p95 |
| format | article |
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This relationship is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 16S rRNA sequences obtained from echinoderm-associated bacteria, resulting in the identification of four species of putative SCB. All four bacteria were identified from the holothurian Stichopus mollis, and two of the four were also found in the asteroid Patiriella sp. Two of these bacteria belong to the Alphaproteobacteria, and two to the Gammaproteobacteria. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were carried out on Patiriella sp., S. mollis, and the asteroid Astrostole scabra. Results showed that Patiriella sp. and S. mollis contain SCB, in agreement with the phylogenetic analysis, while SCB were not detected in A. scabra. Of the bacteria detected using FISH, more than 80% were recognized as belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria in both host species. However, in S. mollis about 20% of the detected SCB successfully hybridized with the Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe, whereas bacteria belonging to this class were never observed in Patiriella sp. This is only the second study to characterize SCB by molecular means, and is the first to identify SCB in situ using FISH.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-3185</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-8697</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/BBLv218n1p95</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20203257</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Marine Biological Laboratory</publisher><subject>Alphaproteobacteria ; Alphaproteobacteria - classification ; Alphaproteobacteria - genetics ; Alphaproteobacteria - isolation & purification ; Analysis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Biological taxonomies ; Cells ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial - chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Echinodermata ; Echinoderms ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization ; Gammaproteobacteria ; Gammaproteobacteria - classification ; Gammaproteobacteria - genetics ; Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification ; Genetic hybridization ; In situ hybridization ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Invertebrates ; Molecular Sequence Data ; New Zealand ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Physiological aspects ; Polymerase chain reaction ; RNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stichopus - microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Symbiosis & Parasitology</subject><ispartof>The Biological bulletin (Lancaster), 2010-02, Vol.218 (1), p.95-104</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2010 The Marine Biological Laboratory</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 University of Chicago Press</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 University of Chicago Press</rights><rights>Copyright Marine Biological Laboratory Feb 1, 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c615t-5f5c59922e517322e877c1c53b3273be1c8cd243de5799ec830f284be852ef3f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c615t-5f5c59922e517322e877c1c53b3273be1c8cd243de5799ec830f284be852ef3f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25622862$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25622862$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lawrence, Scott A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Toole, Ronan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Michael W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davy, Simon K.</creatorcontrib><title>Subcuticular Bacteria Associated with Two Common New Zealand Echinoderms: Characterization Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization</title><title>The Biological bulletin (Lancaster)</title><addtitle>Biol Bull</addtitle><description>Many echinoderms contain subcuticular bacteria (SCB), symbionts which reside in the lumen between the host's epidermal cells and outer cuticle. This relationship is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 16S rRNA sequences obtained from echinoderm-associated bacteria, resulting in the identification of four species of putative SCB. All four bacteria were identified from the holothurian Stichopus mollis, and two of the four were also found in the asteroid Patiriella sp. Two of these bacteria belong to the Alphaproteobacteria, and two to the Gammaproteobacteria. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were carried out on Patiriella sp., S. mollis, and the asteroid Astrostole scabra. Results showed that Patiriella sp. and S. mollis contain SCB, in agreement with the phylogenetic analysis, while SCB were not detected in A. scabra. Of the bacteria detected using FISH, more than 80% were recognized as belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria in both host species. However, in S. mollis about 20% of the detected SCB successfully hybridized with the Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe, whereas bacteria belonging to this class were never observed in Patiriella sp. This is only the second study to characterize SCB by molecular means, and is the first to identify SCB in situ using FISH.</description><subject>Alphaproteobacteria</subject><subject>Alphaproteobacteria - classification</subject><subject>Alphaproteobacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Alphaproteobacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biological taxonomies</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Echinodermata</subject><subject>Echinoderms</subject><subject>Fluorescence in situ hybridization</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - classification</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Genetic hybridization</subject><subject>In situ hybridization</subject><subject>In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Stichopus - microbiology</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><subject>Symbiosis & Parasitology</subject><issn>0006-3185</issn><issn>1939-8697</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0suO0zAUBuAIgZgysGMLsmCBQGTwpU5sdm01N6nqSHRmwyZynJPWoyQudkIpj8OT4pLC0FGFSBaWk-_88uVE0XOCTwgWyYfxePqVEtGQleQPogGRTMYikenDaIAxTmJGBD-Knnh_G6aYkuHj6Ihiihnl6SD6Me9y3bVGd5VyaKx0C84oNPLeaqNaKNDatEt0vbZoYuvaNmgGa_QZVKWaAp3qpWlsAa72H9FkqVxf_121Jsgbb5oFIskcuU-zEZrDlw4aDWjUqGrjjUfbiLOqsw68_vXHNMibtkMXm9yZYpfzNHpUqsrDs914HN2cnV5PLuLp1fnlZDSNdUJ4G_OSay4lpcBJysIg0lQTzVnOaMpyIFrogg5ZATyVErRguKRimIPgFEpWsuPoTZ-7cjas1LdZbcK6qrBTsJ3PUsY4IxKLIF_dk7e2c2FXPqMUS4ETQgJ63aOFqiAzTWnbcDzbyGxEt4_EkgUVH1ALaMCpyjZQmvB5z58c8OEtoDb6YMHbvYJgWvjWLlTnfXY5n_23FefTfy18Z7WtKlhAFm5mcrXv3_deO-u9gzJbOVMrt8kIzraNnP3dyIG_3B1xl9dQ_MG_OzeAdz3oQg9qtbCr0EX-7iLupb3o8a1vrbsL4wmlIqHsJ2DaA0g</recordid><startdate>20100201</startdate><enddate>20100201</enddate><creator>Lawrence, Scott A.</creator><creator>O'Toole, Ronan</creator><creator>Taylor, Michael W.</creator><creator>Davy, Simon K.</creator><general>Marine Biological Laboratory</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100201</creationdate><title>Subcuticular Bacteria Associated with Two Common New Zealand Echinoderms: Characterization Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization</title><author>Lawrence, Scott A. ; 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This relationship is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 16S rRNA sequences obtained from echinoderm-associated bacteria, resulting in the identification of four species of putative SCB. All four bacteria were identified from the holothurian Stichopus mollis, and two of the four were also found in the asteroid Patiriella sp. Two of these bacteria belong to the Alphaproteobacteria, and two to the Gammaproteobacteria. In addition to phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were carried out on Patiriella sp., S. mollis, and the asteroid Astrostole scabra. Results showed that Patiriella sp. and S. mollis contain SCB, in agreement with the phylogenetic analysis, while SCB were not detected in A. scabra. Of the bacteria detected using FISH, more than 80% were recognized as belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria in both host species. However, in S. mollis about 20% of the detected SCB successfully hybridized with the Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe, whereas bacteria belonging to this class were never observed in Patiriella sp. This is only the second study to characterize SCB by molecular means, and is the first to identify SCB in situ using FISH.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Marine Biological Laboratory</pub><pmid>20203257</pmid><doi>10.1086/BBLv218n1p95</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alphaproteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria - classification Alphaproteobacteria - genetics Alphaproteobacteria - isolation & purification Analysis Animals Bacteria Biological taxonomies Cells Cluster Analysis DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Echinodermata Echinoderms Fluorescence in situ hybridization Gammaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria - classification Gammaproteobacteria - genetics Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification Genetic hybridization In situ hybridization In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence Invertebrates Molecular Sequence Data New Zealand Phylogenetics Phylogeny Physiological aspects Polymerase chain reaction RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Stichopus - microbiology Symbiosis Symbiosis & Parasitology |
| title | Subcuticular Bacteria Associated with Two Common New Zealand Echinoderms: Characterization Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization |
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