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Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois
Analysis of presettlement land survey records in an area surrounding a present 7.2 ha old-growth oak-hickory forest, Weaver's Woods, in southwestern Illinois showed dominance by Quercus alba and Q. velutina. Weaver Woods developed into a Q. velutina, Q. rubra, Carya ovata forest by 1956, and in...
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Published in: | The American midland naturalist 1992-01, Vol.127 (1), p.125-138 |
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creator | Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale) Weaver, G.T Robertson, P.A Ashby, W.C |
description | Analysis of presettlement land survey records in an area surrounding a present 7.2 ha old-growth oak-hickory forest, Weaver's Woods, in southwestern Illinois showed dominance by Quercus alba and Q. velutina. Weaver Woods developed into a Q. velutina, Q. rubra, Carya ovata forest by 1956, and into an Acer saccharum, C. ovata, Quercus spp. forest with a basal area of 32.7 m$^2\cdotha^{-1}$by 1983. Woody stem inventories were based on trees >30.5 cm dbh in 1956, and on all woody plants >6.6 cm dbh in 1967 and 1983 along with the sampling of understory and herbaceous vegetation. Stand density has fluctuated and in 1983 was 459 trees·ha-1. Size-class distribution of all species combined has not changed. Size-class distributions of individual species show a changing composition and structure of the forest. Size-class distributions of the oaks and hickories best fit a normal or Gaussian curve, with little or no recent regeneration. Acer saccharum was the dominant species in the forest in 1983 and had a negative exponential size-class structure reflecting abundant regeneration. Asimina triloba was the dominant species in the understory in 1983, heavily shading much of the forest floor. If current trends continue, Acer saccharum will dominate the canopy and oaks and hickories will decrease to remain as scattered large individuals. The size-class distributions of Weaver's Woods over the past 27 yr, plus future trends and old-growth status related to presettlement forests in the area, are discussed. |
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(Southern Illinois University, Carbondale) ; Weaver, G.T ; Robertson, P.A ; Ashby, W.C</creator><creatorcontrib>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale) ; Weaver, G.T ; Robertson, P.A ; Ashby, W.C</creatorcontrib><description>Analysis of presettlement land survey records in an area surrounding a present 7.2 ha old-growth oak-hickory forest, Weaver's Woods, in southwestern Illinois showed dominance by Quercus alba and Q. velutina. Weaver Woods developed into a Q. velutina, Q. rubra, Carya ovata forest by 1956, and into an Acer saccharum, C. ovata, Quercus spp. forest with a basal area of 32.7 m$^2\cdotha^{-1}$by 1983. Woody stem inventories were based on trees >30.5 cm dbh in 1956, and on all woody plants >6.6 cm dbh in 1967 and 1983 along with the sampling of understory and herbaceous vegetation. Stand density has fluctuated and in 1983 was 459 trees·ha-1. Size-class distribution of all species combined has not changed. Size-class distributions of individual species show a changing composition and structure of the forest. Size-class distributions of the oaks and hickories best fit a normal or Gaussian curve, with little or no recent regeneration. Acer saccharum was the dominant species in the forest in 1983 and had a negative exponential size-class structure reflecting abundant regeneration. Asimina triloba was the dominant species in the understory in 1983, heavily shading much of the forest floor. If current trends continue, Acer saccharum will dominate the canopy and oaks and hickories will decrease to remain as scattered large individuals. The size-class distributions of Weaver's Woods over the past 27 yr, plus future trends and old-growth status related to presettlement forests in the area, are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-0031</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-4238</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/2426328</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AMNAAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>NOTRE DAME: University of Notre Dame</publisher><subject>ACER SACCHARUM ; Biodiversity & Conservation ; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION ; COMPOSICION BOTANICA ; COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE ; ECOLOGIA FORESTAL ; ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION ; ECOLOGIE FORESTIERE ; Ecology ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Forest canopy ; FOREST ECOLOGY ; Forest management ; Forest regeneration ; Forest restoration ; Forestry ; Forests ; HIGHLAND ; HILL LAND ; ILLINOIS ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Old growth forests ; PLANT SUCCESSION ; QUERCUS ; REGION D'ALTITUDE ; Science & Technology ; SUCCESSION ECOLOGIQUE ; SUCESION ECOLOGICA ; Timber ; Trees ; Vegetation ; ZONA DE MONTANA</subject><ispartof>The American midland naturalist, 1992-01, Vol.127 (1), p.125-138</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1992 American Midland Naturalist</rights><rights>Copyright American Midland Naturalist Jan 1992</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>65</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wosA1992GZ65300013</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c261t-a8dd88fd4b36f3b97ca4f782ae594c996cbe81f3d47fed2790d5f26b103c39973</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2426328$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2426328$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27225,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weaver, G.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, P.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashby, W.C</creatorcontrib><title>Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois</title><title>The American midland naturalist</title><addtitle>AM MIDL NAT</addtitle><description>Analysis of presettlement land survey records in an area surrounding a present 7.2 ha old-growth oak-hickory forest, Weaver's Woods, in southwestern Illinois showed dominance by Quercus alba and Q. velutina. Weaver Woods developed into a Q. velutina, Q. rubra, Carya ovata forest by 1956, and into an Acer saccharum, C. ovata, Quercus spp. forest with a basal area of 32.7 m$^2\cdotha^{-1}$by 1983. Woody stem inventories were based on trees >30.5 cm dbh in 1956, and on all woody plants >6.6 cm dbh in 1967 and 1983 along with the sampling of understory and herbaceous vegetation. Stand density has fluctuated and in 1983 was 459 trees·ha-1. Size-class distribution of all species combined has not changed. Size-class distributions of individual species show a changing composition and structure of the forest. Size-class distributions of the oaks and hickories best fit a normal or Gaussian curve, with little or no recent regeneration. Acer saccharum was the dominant species in the forest in 1983 and had a negative exponential size-class structure reflecting abundant regeneration. Asimina triloba was the dominant species in the understory in 1983, heavily shading much of the forest floor. If current trends continue, Acer saccharum will dominate the canopy and oaks and hickories will decrease to remain as scattered large individuals. The size-class distributions of Weaver's Woods over the past 27 yr, plus future trends and old-growth status related to presettlement forests in the area, are discussed.</description><subject>ACER SACCHARUM</subject><subject>Biodiversity & Conservation</subject><subject>BOTANICAL COMPOSITION</subject><subject>COMPOSICION BOTANICA</subject><subject>COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE</subject><subject>ECOLOGIA FORESTAL</subject><subject>ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION</subject><subject>ECOLOGIE FORESTIERE</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</subject><subject>Forest canopy</subject><subject>FOREST ECOLOGY</subject><subject>Forest management</subject><subject>Forest regeneration</subject><subject>Forest restoration</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>HIGHLAND</subject><subject>HILL LAND</subject><subject>ILLINOIS</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Old growth forests</subject><subject>PLANT SUCCESSION</subject><subject>QUERCUS</subject><subject>REGION D'ALTITUDE</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>SUCCESSION ECOLOGIQUE</subject><subject>SUCESION ECOLOGICA</subject><subject>Timber</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>ZONA DE MONTANA</subject><issn>0003-0031</issn><issn>1938-4238</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EZCTM</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0M9LwzAUB_AgCs4p3j0VET1INcnr2uQ4hr9AENFdvIQ0TbbMrplJ69h_b6TDgwfxkBcefN7j8UXomOArCri4phnNgbIdNCAcWJpRYLtogDGGND6yjw5CWMSWZzwboOeXbiZ9spSrWie2-ZTBuiZxJpGx1lU6827dzhMn39O5Ve_ObxLjvA5txElwXTtfx0b7Jnmoa9s4Gw7RnpF10Efbf4imtzevk_v08enuYTJ-TBXNSZtKVlWMmSorITdQ8kLJzBSMSj3imeI8V6VmxECVFUZXtOC4GhmalwSDAs4LGKLzfu_Ku48uHiGWNihd17LRrguC5AQwUBLh6S-4cJ1v4m2CQgyBc0ojuuiR8i4Er41YebuUfiMIFt-5im2uUbJernXpTFBWN0r_6DGJ6-7e8hHEiAlMbCvbmOjEdU0bRy__Pxr1Wa8XoXX-j3tOemakE3LmbRDTF05yWhQMvgBnxp6I</recordid><startdate>199201</startdate><enddate>199201</enddate><creator>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale)</creator><creator>Weaver, G.T</creator><creator>Robertson, P.A</creator><creator>Ashby, W.C</creator><general>University of Notre Dame</general><general>Amer Midland Naturalist</general><general>American Midland Naturalist</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>EZCTM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199201</creationdate><title>Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois</title><author>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale) ; Weaver, G.T ; Robertson, P.A ; Ashby, W.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c261t-a8dd88fd4b36f3b97ca4f782ae594c996cbe81f3d47fed2790d5f26b103c39973</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>ACER SACCHARUM</topic><topic>Biodiversity & Conservation</topic><topic>BOTANICAL COMPOSITION</topic><topic>COMPOSICION BOTANICA</topic><topic>COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE</topic><topic>ECOLOGIA FORESTAL</topic><topic>ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION</topic><topic>ECOLOGIE FORESTIERE</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Environmental Sciences & Ecology</topic><topic>Forest canopy</topic><topic>FOREST ECOLOGY</topic><topic>Forest management</topic><topic>Forest regeneration</topic><topic>Forest restoration</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>HIGHLAND</topic><topic>HILL LAND</topic><topic>ILLINOIS</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Old growth forests</topic><topic>PLANT SUCCESSION</topic><topic>QUERCUS</topic><topic>REGION D'ALTITUDE</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>SUCCESSION ECOLOGIQUE</topic><topic>SUCESION ECOLOGICA</topic><topic>Timber</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>ZONA DE MONTANA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weaver, G.T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, P.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashby, W.C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 1992</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The American midland naturalist</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shotola, S.J. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale)</au><au>Weaver, G.T</au><au>Robertson, P.A</au><au>Ashby, W.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois</atitle><jtitle>The American midland naturalist</jtitle><stitle>AM MIDL NAT</stitle><date>1992-01</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>127</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>125</spage><epage>138</epage><pages>125-138</pages><issn>0003-0031</issn><eissn>1938-4238</eissn><coden>AMNAAF</coden><notes>9162778</notes><notes>F40</notes><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-1</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Analysis of presettlement land survey records in an area surrounding a present 7.2 ha old-growth oak-hickory forest, Weaver's Woods, in southwestern Illinois showed dominance by Quercus alba and Q. velutina. Weaver Woods developed into a Q. velutina, Q. rubra, Carya ovata forest by 1956, and into an Acer saccharum, C. ovata, Quercus spp. forest with a basal area of 32.7 m$^2\cdotha^{-1}$by 1983. Woody stem inventories were based on trees >30.5 cm dbh in 1956, and on all woody plants >6.6 cm dbh in 1967 and 1983 along with the sampling of understory and herbaceous vegetation. Stand density has fluctuated and in 1983 was 459 trees·ha-1. Size-class distribution of all species combined has not changed. Size-class distributions of individual species show a changing composition and structure of the forest. Size-class distributions of the oaks and hickories best fit a normal or Gaussian curve, with little or no recent regeneration. Acer saccharum was the dominant species in the forest in 1983 and had a negative exponential size-class structure reflecting abundant regeneration. Asimina triloba was the dominant species in the understory in 1983, heavily shading much of the forest floor. If current trends continue, Acer saccharum will dominate the canopy and oaks and hickories will decrease to remain as scattered large individuals. The size-class distributions of Weaver's Woods over the past 27 yr, plus future trends and old-growth status related to presettlement forests in the area, are discussed.</abstract><cop>NOTRE DAME</cop><pub>University of Notre Dame</pub><doi>10.2307/2426328</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 1992<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; JSTOR |
subjects | ACER SACCHARUM Biodiversity & Conservation BOTANICAL COMPOSITION COMPOSICION BOTANICA COMPOSITION BOTANIQUE ECOLOGIA FORESTAL ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION ECOLOGIE FORESTIERE Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology Forest canopy FOREST ECOLOGY Forest management Forest regeneration Forest restoration Forestry Forests HIGHLAND HILL LAND ILLINOIS Life Sciences & Biomedicine Old growth forests PLANT SUCCESSION QUERCUS REGION D'ALTITUDE Science & Technology SUCCESSION ECOLOGIQUE SUCESION ECOLOGICA Timber Trees Vegetation ZONA DE MONTANA |
title | Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois |
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