Body mass index and risk of obesity‐related conditions in a cohort of 2.9 million people: Evidence from a UK primary care database
Objective Obesity rates in the United Kingdom are some of the highest in Western Europe, with considerable clinical and societal impacts. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality; however, relatively few studies have examined t...
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| Published in: | Obesity science & practice 2021-04, Vol.7 (2), p.137-147 |
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Body mass index and risk of obesity‐related conditions in a cohort of 2.9 million people: Evidence from a UK primary care database |
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Article |
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Haase, Christiane L. Eriksen, Kirsten T. Lopes, Sandra Satylganova, Altynai Schnecke, Volker McEwan, Phil |
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Apnea Body mass index body mass index (BMI) Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Congestive heart failure Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Mortality Obesity Original Osteoarthritis outcomes Population studies Public health risk factors Sleep Sleep disorders |
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Obesity science & practice, 2021-04, Vol.7 (2), p.137-147 |
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Objective
Obesity rates in the United Kingdom are some of the highest in Western Europe, with considerable clinical and societal impacts. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality; however, relatively few studies have examined the occurrence of multiple obesity‐related outcomes in the same patient population. This study was designed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and a broad range of obesity‐related conditions in the same large cohort from a UK‐representative primary care database.
Methods
Demographic data and diagnosis codes were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database in January 2019. Adults registered for ≥ 3 years were grouped by BMI, with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 as reference group. Associations between BMI and 12 obesity‐related outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking.
Results
More than 2.9 million individuals were included in the analyses and were followed up for occurrence of relevant outcomes for a median of 11.4 years during the study period. Generally, there was a stepwise increase in risk of all outcomes with higher BMI. Individuals with BMI 40.0–45.0 kg/m2 were at particularly high risk of sleep apnea (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] vs. reference group: 19.8 [18.9–20.8]), T2D (12.4 [12.1–12.7]), heart failure (3.46 [3.35–3.57]), and hypertension (3.21 [3.15–3.26]).
Conclusions
This study substantiates evidence linking higher BMI to higher risk of a range of serious health conditions, in a large, representative UK cohort. By focusing on obesity‐related conditions, this demonstrates the wider clinical impact and the healthcare burden of obesity, and highlights the vital importance of management, treatment approaches, and public health programs to mitigate the impact of this disease. |
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ISSN: 2055-2238 |
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Obesity rates in the United Kingdom are some of the highest in Western Europe, with considerable clinical and societal impacts. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality; however, relatively few studies have examined the occurrence of multiple obesity‐related outcomes in the same patient population. This study was designed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and a broad range of obesity‐related conditions in the same large cohort from a UK‐representative primary care database.
Methods
Demographic data and diagnosis codes were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database in January 2019. Adults registered for ≥ 3 years were grouped by BMI, with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 as reference group. Associations between BMI and 12 obesity‐related outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking.
Results
More than 2.9 million individuals were included in the analyses and were followed up for occurrence of relevant outcomes for a median of 11.4 years during the study period. Generally, there was a stepwise increase in risk of all outcomes with higher BMI. Individuals with BMI 40.0–45.0 kg/m2 were at particularly high risk of sleep apnea (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] vs. reference group: 19.8 [18.9–20.8]), T2D (12.4 [12.1–12.7]), heart failure (3.46 [3.35–3.57]), and hypertension (3.21 [3.15–3.26]).
Conclusions
This study substantiates evidence linking higher BMI to higher risk of a range of serious health conditions, in a large, representative UK cohort. By focusing on obesity‐related conditions, this demonstrates the wider clinical impact and the healthcare burden of obesity, and highlights the vital importance of management, treatment approaches, and public health programs to mitigate the impact of this disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2055-2238</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2055-2238</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/osp4.474</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33841883</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Apnea ; Body mass index ; body mass index (BMI) ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Congestive heart failure ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Original ; Osteoarthritis ; outcomes ; Population studies ; Public health ; risk factors ; Sleep ; Sleep disorders</subject><ispartof>Obesity science & practice, 2021-04, Vol.7 (2), p.137-147</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5714-87a9c6c0ecdd3a23687af596b30727a4cc1ea230c4aa788cf1be76f6180ee7303</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5714-87a9c6c0ecdd3a23687af596b30727a4cc1ea230c4aa788cf1be76f6180ee7303</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5697-3974 ; 0000-0002-9992-3571</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2508102715/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2508102715?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,734,787,791,892,11601,25799,27985,27986,37077,37078,38581,44099,44955,46434,46858,54176,54178,75240,76120</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841883$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Haase, Christiane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopes, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Satylganova, Altynai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnecke, Volker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEwan, Phil</creatorcontrib><title>Body mass index and risk of obesity‐related conditions in a cohort of 2.9 million people: Evidence from a UK primary care database</title><title>Obesity science & practice</title><addtitle>Obes Sci Pract</addtitle><description>Objective
Obesity rates in the United Kingdom are some of the highest in Western Europe, with considerable clinical and societal impacts. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality; however, relatively few studies have examined the occurrence of multiple obesity‐related outcomes in the same patient population. This study was designed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and a broad range of obesity‐related conditions in the same large cohort from a UK‐representative primary care database.
Methods
Demographic data and diagnosis codes were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database in January 2019. Adults registered for ≥ 3 years were grouped by BMI, with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 as reference group. Associations between BMI and 12 obesity‐related outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking.
Results
More than 2.9 million individuals were included in the analyses and were followed up for occurrence of relevant outcomes for a median of 11.4 years during the study period. Generally, there was a stepwise increase in risk of all outcomes with higher BMI. Individuals with BMI 40.0–45.0 kg/m2 were at particularly high risk of sleep apnea (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] vs. reference group: 19.8 [18.9–20.8]), T2D (12.4 [12.1–12.7]), heart failure (3.46 [3.35–3.57]), and hypertension (3.21 [3.15–3.26]).
Conclusions
This study substantiates evidence linking higher BMI to higher risk of a range of serious health conditions, in a large, representative UK cohort. By focusing on obesity‐related conditions, this demonstrates the wider clinical impact and the healthcare burden of obesity, and highlights the vital importance of management, treatment approaches, and public health programs to mitigate the impact of this disease.</description><subject>Apnea</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>body mass index (BMI)</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Congestive heart failure</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis</subject><subject>outcomes</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>risk factors</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep disorders</subject><issn>2055-2238</issn><issn>2055-2238</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ks9u1DAQhyMEolWpxBMgS1y4ZPG_xA4HJFoVqKhUJOjZmtiT1ksSL3a2sDcOPADPyJPgsEtpkTjZnvn06TfWFMVjRheMUv48pJVcSCXvFfucVlXJudD3b933isOUlpRSVjU14-xhsSeElkxrsV98PwpuQwZIifjR4VcCoyPRp08kdCS0mPy0-fntR8QeJnTEhtH5yYdxxgnk91WI08zyRUMG3_e5R1YYVj2-ICfX3uFokXQxDJm-eEdW0Q8QN8RCROJgghYSPioedNAnPNydB8XF65OPx2_Ls_M3p8evzkpbKSZLraCxtaVonRPARZ0LXZ6pFVRxBdJahrlMrQRQWtuOtajqrmaaIipBxUFxuvW6AEuzi2ICePO7EOKlgTh526NBxjtWtZw7RqWmTatdBxqEY1I6rtrserl1rdbtgM7iOEXo70jvdkZ_ZS7DtdGUNVzPYZ7tBDF8XmOazOCTxb6HEcM6GV4xpps8uMro03_QZVjHMX9VpqhmlCtW_RXaGFKK2N2EYdTMm2LmTTF5UzL65Hb4G_DPXmSg3AJffI-b_4rM-Yf3chb-AhkvyJI</recordid><startdate>202104</startdate><enddate>202104</enddate><creator>Haase, Christiane L.</creator><creator>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</creator><creator>Lopes, Sandra</creator><creator>Satylganova, Altynai</creator><creator>Schnecke, Volker</creator><creator>McEwan, Phil</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-3974</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-3571</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202104</creationdate><title>Body mass index and risk of obesity‐related conditions in a cohort of 2.9 million people: Evidence from a UK primary care database</title><author>Haase, Christiane L. ; Eriksen, Kirsten T. ; Lopes, Sandra ; Satylganova, Altynai ; Schnecke, Volker ; McEwan, Phil</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5714-87a9c6c0ecdd3a23687af596b30727a4cc1ea230c4aa788cf1be76f6180ee7303</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Apnea</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>body mass index (BMI)</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Congestive heart failure</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis</topic><topic>outcomes</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>risk factors</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep disorders</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Haase, Christiane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopes, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Satylganova, Altynai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnecke, Volker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEwan, Phil</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley_OA刊</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Backfiles</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Obesity science & practice</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Haase, Christiane L.</au><au>Eriksen, Kirsten T.</au><au>Lopes, Sandra</au><au>Satylganova, Altynai</au><au>Schnecke, Volker</au><au>McEwan, Phil</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Body mass index and risk of obesity‐related conditions in a cohort of 2.9 million people: Evidence from a UK primary care database</atitle><jtitle>Obesity science & practice</jtitle><addtitle>Obes Sci Pract</addtitle><date>2021-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>137</spage><epage>147</epage><pages>137-147</pages><issn>2055-2238</issn><eissn>2055-2238</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Objective
Obesity rates in the United Kingdom are some of the highest in Western Europe, with considerable clinical and societal impacts. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality; however, relatively few studies have examined the occurrence of multiple obesity‐related outcomes in the same patient population. This study was designed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) and a broad range of obesity‐related conditions in the same large cohort from a UK‐representative primary care database.
Methods
Demographic data and diagnosis codes were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database in January 2019. Adults registered for ≥ 3 years were grouped by BMI, with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 as reference group. Associations between BMI and 12 obesity‐related outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking.
Results
More than 2.9 million individuals were included in the analyses and were followed up for occurrence of relevant outcomes for a median of 11.4 years during the study period. Generally, there was a stepwise increase in risk of all outcomes with higher BMI. Individuals with BMI 40.0–45.0 kg/m2 were at particularly high risk of sleep apnea (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] vs. reference group: 19.8 [18.9–20.8]), T2D (12.4 [12.1–12.7]), heart failure (3.46 [3.35–3.57]), and hypertension (3.21 [3.15–3.26]).
Conclusions
This study substantiates evidence linking higher BMI to higher risk of a range of serious health conditions, in a large, representative UK cohort. By focusing on obesity‐related conditions, this demonstrates the wider clinical impact and the healthcare burden of obesity, and highlights the vital importance of management, treatment approaches, and public health programs to mitigate the impact of this disease.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>33841883</pmid><doi>10.1002/osp4.474</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-3974</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-3571</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |