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Influence of Turbulence on Cambered and Symmetrical Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers
Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common as electronic systems decrease in size and weight. These aircraft fly below a Reynolds number of 250,000, where, in clean flow, the wing boundary layer undergoes laminar-to-turbulent transition for a significant portion of the wing chord...
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Published in: | AIAA journal 2020-05, Vol.58 (5), p.1913-1925 |
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container_end_page | 1925 |
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container_title | AIAA journal |
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creator | Kay, Nicholas J Richards, Peter J Sharma, Rajnish N |
description | Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common as electronic systems decrease in size and weight. These aircraft fly below a Reynolds number of 250,000, where, in clean flow, the wing boundary layer undergoes laminar-to-turbulent transition for a significant portion of the wing chord. However, many UAVs fly at low altitude, where significant levels of turbulence are encountered due to terrain roughness. The present study was carried out to understand how this turbulent flow changes the performance of the UAV wing—in particular, how this influence may vary with the camber of the airfoil form. Two airfoils, a NACA0012 and a NACA4412, were tested in relatively clean and highly turbulent flows in a wind tunnel. Testing was conducted at Reynolds numbers of 50,000–200,000, with turbulence intensities from 1.3 to 15%. Under increasing turbulence intensities, in contrast to prior flat plate research, the maximum lift coefficient was seen to decrease by up to 30% for the cambered airfoil, compared with a 5% rise for the symmetrical form. The influence of the Reynolds number on both airfoils decreased as the turbulence intensity increased, whereas camber maintained a point of difference. |
doi_str_mv | 10.2514/1.J058822 |
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All requests for copying and permission to reprint should be submitted to CCC at ; employ the eISSN to initiate your request. See also AIAA Rights and Permissions .</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 by the authors. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. All requests for copying and permission to reprint should be submitted to CCC at www.copyright.com; employ the eISSN 1533-385X to initiate your request. 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The influence of the Reynolds number on both airfoils decreased as the turbulence intensity increased, whereas camber maintained a point of difference.</description><subject>Aerodynamic coefficients</subject><subject>Aerodynamics</subject><subject>Boundary layer transition</subject><subject>Camber</subject><subject>Cambering</subject><subject>Electronic systems</subject><subject>Flat plates</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Laminar boundary layer</subject><subject>Low altitude</subject><subject>Miniature aircraft</subject><subject>Reynolds number</subject><subject>Turbulence intensity</subject><subject>Turbulent boundary layer</subject><subject>Turbulent flow</subject><subject>Unmanned aerial vehicles</subject><subject>Wind tunnel testing</subject><subject>Wind tunnels</subject><issn>0001-1452</issn><issn>1533-385X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNplkEtLAzEUhYMoWKsL_0FAEFxMzU3mkS5L8VEpClrBXbiTSWDKzKQmM0j_vSlTcOHq8sF3z4FDyDWwGc8gvYfZC8uk5PyETCATIhEy-zolE8YYJJBm_JxchLCNxAsJE7JZdbYZTKcNdZZuBl8OzUgdXWJbGm8qil1FP_Zta3pfa2zoovbW1U2g2NO1-6HvZt-5pgr0dTh8hEtyZrEJ5up4p-Tz8WGzfE7Wb0-r5WKdoJinfYJFIREFYlHpPK_mvJQApgRbYqrnuc55LjikERG05RyNqFKOTEtdWpODmJKbMXfn3fdgQq-2bvBdrFQ8NqRxgCKL1t1oae9C8Maqna9b9HsFTB1GU6COo0X3dnSxRvxL-y_-AhIaass</recordid><startdate>20200501</startdate><enddate>20200501</enddate><creator>Kay, Nicholas J</creator><creator>Richards, Peter J</creator><creator>Sharma, Rajnish N</creator><general>American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200501</creationdate><title>Influence of Turbulence on Cambered and Symmetrical Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers</title><author>Kay, Nicholas J ; Richards, Peter J ; Sharma, Rajnish N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a394t-a778aa3aa7dc66d92b811eb1fba4c96c6263214fbaa1cf22ae3d42a0c8cbfe613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Aerodynamic coefficients</topic><topic>Aerodynamics</topic><topic>Boundary layer transition</topic><topic>Camber</topic><topic>Cambering</topic><topic>Electronic systems</topic><topic>Flat plates</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Laminar boundary layer</topic><topic>Low altitude</topic><topic>Miniature aircraft</topic><topic>Reynolds number</topic><topic>Turbulence intensity</topic><topic>Turbulent boundary layer</topic><topic>Turbulent flow</topic><topic>Unmanned aerial vehicles</topic><topic>Wind tunnel testing</topic><topic>Wind tunnels</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kay, Nicholas J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richards, Peter J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Rajnish N</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>AIAA journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kay, Nicholas J</au><au>Richards, Peter J</au><au>Sharma, Rajnish N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of Turbulence on Cambered and Symmetrical Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers</atitle><jtitle>AIAA journal</jtitle><date>2020-05-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1913</spage><epage>1925</epage><pages>1913-1925</pages><issn>0001-1452</issn><eissn>1533-385X</eissn><abstract>Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common as electronic systems decrease in size and weight. These aircraft fly below a Reynolds number of 250,000, where, in clean flow, the wing boundary layer undergoes laminar-to-turbulent transition for a significant portion of the wing chord. However, many UAVs fly at low altitude, where significant levels of turbulence are encountered due to terrain roughness. The present study was carried out to understand how this turbulent flow changes the performance of the UAV wing—in particular, how this influence may vary with the camber of the airfoil form. Two airfoils, a NACA0012 and a NACA4412, were tested in relatively clean and highly turbulent flows in a wind tunnel. Testing was conducted at Reynolds numbers of 50,000–200,000, with turbulence intensities from 1.3 to 15%. Under increasing turbulence intensities, in contrast to prior flat plate research, the maximum lift coefficient was seen to decrease by up to 30% for the cambered airfoil, compared with a 5% rise for the symmetrical form. 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source | Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Aerodynamic coefficients Aerodynamics Boundary layer transition Camber Cambering Electronic systems Flat plates Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Laminar boundary layer Low altitude Miniature aircraft Reynolds number Turbulence intensity Turbulent boundary layer Turbulent flow Unmanned aerial vehicles Wind tunnel testing Wind tunnels |
title | Influence of Turbulence on Cambered and Symmetrical Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers |
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