Alterations induced by Tortrimosaica polypodivora on the stems of Microgramma vacciniifolia: simple or complex galls?

Abstract Microgramma vacciniifolia, an epiphyte fern, hosts of two stem galls. One is induced by Tortrimosaica polypodivora (Lepidoptera), which can also induce galls in M. squamulosa and M. mortoniana. The alterations induced by T. polypodivora on M. vacciniifolia stem were compared to non-galled o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Rodriguésia 2023, Vol.74
Main Authors: Martins, Gabriela Soares, Santos, Marcelo Guerra, Reis, Atiles, Ferreira, Bruno Garcia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
histochemistry
histometry
plant anatomy
plant-insect interactions
scales
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Summary:Abstract Microgramma vacciniifolia, an epiphyte fern, hosts of two stem galls. One is induced by Tortrimosaica polypodivora (Lepidoptera), which can also induce galls in M. squamulosa and M. mortoniana. The alterations induced by T. polypodivora on M. vacciniifolia stem were compared to non-galled organs to evaluate the anatomical potentials of host ferns in response to a galling Lepidoptera. Histochemical and histometrical comparisons between galled and non-galled stems were performed to assess the processes leading to gall formation. M. vacciinifolia and M. squamulosa galls were anatomically similar, although their sizes differ, reflecting the growth potential of each host species. Simple structural alterations, such as hyperplasia of cortical and pericycle cells, occur during gall formation, while cell hypertrophy, common in more complex galls, was only detected on the pericycle. Meristele size remained unaltered in galls, but the pericycle appeared hyperplasic. The protective scales were broader in galls. A nutritive tissue with lipids, typical to Lepidoptera galls, was observed around the larval chamber, with small cells and meristematic activity. Starch, proteins, and reducing sugars accumulated in nutritive cells are uncommonly found in Lepidoptera galls. Despite simple structural alterations, T. polypodivora induced a gradient of primary metabolites, similar to angiosperm galls. Resumo Microgramma vacciniifolia, uma samambaia epifíta, abriga duas galhas caulinares, uma delas induzida por Tortrimosaica polypodivora (Lepidoptera), que também induz galhas em M. squamulosa e em M. mortoniana. Alterações induzidas por T. polypodivora nos caules de M. vacciniifolia foram comparadas aos caules não-galhados, para avaliar os potenciais anatômicos das samambaias hospedeiras em resposta a um Lepidoptera galhador. Comparações histoquímicas e histométricas foram realizadas para avaliar os processos que levam à formação das galhas. As galhas de M. vacciinifolia e M. squamulosa são anatomicamente semelhantes, embora seus tamanhos diferem, refletindo o potencial de crescimento de cada espécie hospedeira. Alterações estruturais simples ocorrem durante a formação da galha, como hiperplasia das células corticais e pericíclicas, enquanto hipertrofia celular, comum em galhas mais complexas, é detectada apenas no periciclo. Os meristelos não têm o tamanho alterado, mas o periciclo apresenta hiperplasia. As escamas são mais largas nas galhas. Ao redor da câmara larval ob
ISSN:0370-6583
2175-7860
DOI:10.1590/2175-7860202374070