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Impacts of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) predation on commercially important sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in southeast Alaska
Sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus), which are an important commercial, subsistence, and ecological resource, are negatively affected by an expanding sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population in southeast Alaska. A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s a...
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Published in: | Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2013-10, Vol.70 (10), p.1498-1507 |
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creator | LARSON, Sean D HOYT, Zachary N ECKERT, Ginny L GILL, Verena A |
description | Sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus), which are an important commercial, subsistence, and ecological resource, are negatively affected by an expanding sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population in southeast Alaska. A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s after their extirpation during the 18th and 19th century fur trade. In the ensuing decades after recolonization, the sea otter population grew exponentially in number and distribution, and sea cucumbers declined in density in areas with otters, suggesting an inverse relationship between sea otter numbers and sea cucumber density. We evaluated the interaction and effects of sea otters on sea cucumbers using sea otter foraging observations, sea otter population survey data, and sea cucumber density data. Our results indicate that sea cucumber density declined with and without sea otter presence and that the extent of the decline depends on the duration and magnitude of sea otter presence, with 100% decline in areas occupied by sea otters since 1994. Sea otter predation should be included in sea cucumber fishery management as a step toward ecosystem-based management. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0025 |
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A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s after their extirpation during the 18th and 19th century fur trade. In the ensuing decades after recolonization, the sea otter population grew exponentially in number and distribution, and sea cucumbers declined in density in areas with otters, suggesting an inverse relationship between sea otter numbers and sea cucumber density. We evaluated the interaction and effects of sea otters on sea cucumbers using sea otter foraging observations, sea otter population survey data, and sea cucumber density data. Our results indicate that sea cucumber density declined with and without sea otter presence and that the extent of the decline depends on the duration and magnitude of sea otter presence, with 100% decline in areas occupied by sea otters since 1994. 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A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s after their extirpation during the 18th and 19th century fur trade. In the ensuing decades after recolonization, the sea otter population grew exponentially in number and distribution, and sea cucumbers declined in density in areas with otters, suggesting an inverse relationship between sea otter numbers and sea cucumber density. We evaluated the interaction and effects of sea otters on sea cucumbers using sea otter foraging observations, sea otter population survey data, and sea cucumber density data. Our results indicate that sea cucumber density declined with and without sea otter presence and that the extent of the decline depends on the duration and magnitude of sea otter presence, with 100% decline in areas occupied by sea otters since 1994. Sea otter predation should be included in sea cucumber fishery management as a step toward ecosystem-based management.</description><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Echinodermata</subject><subject>Enhydra lutris</subject><subject>Exploitation and management of natural biological resources (hunting, fishing and exploited populations survey, etc.)</subject><subject>Foraging behavior</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Holothurioidea</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Mammalia</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Parastichopus californicus</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><issn>0706-652X</issn><issn>1205-7533</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkcFq3DAQhk1poduk514FpbA9OJFkyZaPIaRtINAcGsjNzMoSq61tuTPyYd-gj105G3ropQHBXL7_YzR_UXwQ_EKIqr20Bw9USi6qknOpXxUbIbkuG11Vr4sNb3hd1lo-vi3eER04F1ILvil-344z2EQsekYOWEzJIdveTPtjj8CGJWGgz2xG10MKcWL52TiODm2AYTiyMM4RE0zpKW4Xu4w7h8S294BAKdh9nBdiFobgI07BLlkXJkZxSXuXCXY1AP2E8-KNh4Hc--d5Vjx8uflx_a28-_719vrqrrSKm1SCaGXfqp2yta-1t61QvG0b4401Qhvu85BSOy93nJte676WUtZGKaehErI6K7Yn74zx1-IodWMg64YBJhcX6oRqZc2VUeIFqKqqxmjRZPTjP-ghLjjlj6wUV1rVZhVeniiLkQid72YMI-CxE7xbS-yeSuzWEru1xJz49OwFyif0CJMN9Dcmm7YWeYXMyRM3oUWXm0C7_6_8D7B_rj8</recordid><startdate>20131001</startdate><enddate>20131001</enddate><creator>LARSON, Sean D</creator><creator>HOYT, Zachary N</creator><creator>ECKERT, Ginny L</creator><creator>GILL, Verena A</creator><general>NRC Research Press</general><general>National Research Council of Canada</general><general>Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>H98</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131001</creationdate><title>Impacts of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) predation on commercially important sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in southeast Alaska</title><author>LARSON, Sean D ; HOYT, Zachary N ; ECKERT, Ginny L ; GILL, Verena A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-a192d94b4c6f65fc91409978f8c81580fc81225ef2b008d55d62226844e5a3123</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animal populations</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Echinodermata</topic><topic>Enhydra lutris</topic><topic>Exploitation and management of natural biological resources (hunting, fishing and exploited populations survey, etc.)</topic><topic>Foraging behavior</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Holothurioidea</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Mammalia</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine mammals</topic><topic>Parastichopus californicus</topic><topic>Population density</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>LARSON, Sean D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HOYT, Zachary N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ECKERT, Ginny L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GILL, Verena A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>LARSON, Sean D</au><au>HOYT, Zachary N</au><au>ECKERT, Ginny L</au><au>GILL, Verena A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Impacts of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) predation on commercially important sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in southeast Alaska</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences</jtitle><date>2013-10-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1498</spage><epage>1507</epage><pages>1498-1507</pages><issn>0706-652X</issn><eissn>1205-7533</eissn><coden>CJFSDX</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus), which are an important commercial, subsistence, and ecological resource, are negatively affected by an expanding sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population in southeast Alaska. A few hundred sea otters were reintroduced into southeast Alaska in the late 1960s after their extirpation during the 18th and 19th century fur trade. In the ensuing decades after recolonization, the sea otter population grew exponentially in number and distribution, and sea cucumbers declined in density in areas with otters, suggesting an inverse relationship between sea otter numbers and sea cucumber density. We evaluated the interaction and effects of sea otters on sea cucumbers using sea otter foraging observations, sea otter population survey data, and sea cucumber density data. Our results indicate that sea cucumber density declined with and without sea otter presence and that the extent of the decline depends on the duration and magnitude of sea otter presence, with 100% decline in areas occupied by sea otters since 1994. Sea otter predation should be included in sea cucumber fishery management as a step toward ecosystem-based management.</abstract><cop>Ottawa, ON</cop><pub>NRC Research Press</pub><doi>10.1139/cjfas-2013-0025</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal populations Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Echinodermata Enhydra lutris Exploitation and management of natural biological resources (hunting, fishing and exploited populations survey, etc.) Foraging behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Holothurioidea Invertebrates Mammalia Marine Marine mammals Parastichopus californicus Population density Predation Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution |
title | Impacts of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) predation on commercially important sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in southeast Alaska |
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