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Antisense Down-Regulation of the FaPG1 Gene Reveals an Unexpected Central Role for Polygalacturonase in Strawberry Fruit Softening
The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Chandler') fruit undergoes a fast softening during ripening. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity is low during this process, but two ripening-related PG genes, FaPG1 and FaPG2, have been cloned. Both genes were up-regulated during fruit ripening and were al...
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| Published in: | Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2009-06, Vol.150 (2), p.1022-1032 |
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| container_title | Plant physiology (Bethesda) |
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| creator | Quesada, Miguel A Blanco-Portales, Rosario Posé, Sara García-Gago, Juan A Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés Caballero, José L Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando Mercado, José A Muñoz-Blanco, Juan |
| description | The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Chandler') fruit undergoes a fast softening during ripening. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity is low during this process, but two ripening-related PG genes, FaPG1 and FaPG2, have been cloned. Both genes were up-regulated during fruit ripening and were also negatively regulated by auxin. To further assess the role of FaPG1 on strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the 35S promoter (APG lines) were obtained. Sixteen out of 30 independent transgenic lines showed fruit yields similar to those of the control. Several quality parameters were measured in ripe fruits from these 16 lines. Fruit weight was slightly reduced in four lines, and most of them showed an increase in soluble solid content. Half of these lines yielded fruits significantly firmer than did the control. Four APG lines were selected, their ripened fruits being on average 163% firmer than the control. The postharvest softening of APG fruits was also diminished. Ripened fruits from the four selected lines showed a 90% to 95% decrease in FaPG1 transcript abundance, whereas the level of FaPG2 was not significantly altered. Total PG activity was reduced in three of these lines when compared with control fruits. Cell wall extracts from APG fruits showed a reduction in pectin solubilization and an increase in pectins covalently bound to the cell wall. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of gene expression between the ripened receptacle of the control and those of the APG fruits (comprising 1,250 receptacle expressed sequence tags) did not show any statistically significant change. These results indicate that FaPG1 plays a central role in strawberry softening. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1104/pp.109.138297 |
| format | article |
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Polygalacturonase (PG) activity is low during this process, but two ripening-related PG genes, FaPG1 and FaPG2, have been cloned. Both genes were up-regulated during fruit ripening and were also negatively regulated by auxin. To further assess the role of FaPG1 on strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the 35S promoter (APG lines) were obtained. Sixteen out of 30 independent transgenic lines showed fruit yields similar to those of the control. Several quality parameters were measured in ripe fruits from these 16 lines. Fruit weight was slightly reduced in four lines, and most of them showed an increase in soluble solid content. Half of these lines yielded fruits significantly firmer than did the control. Four APG lines were selected, their ripened fruits being on average 163% firmer than the control. The postharvest softening of APG fruits was also diminished. Ripened fruits from the four selected lines showed a 90% to 95% decrease in FaPG1 transcript abundance, whereas the level of FaPG2 was not significantly altered. Total PG activity was reduced in three of these lines when compared with control fruits. Cell wall extracts from APG fruits showed a reduction in pectin solubilization and an increase in pectins covalently bound to the cell wall. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of gene expression between the ripened receptacle of the control and those of the APG fruits (comprising 1,250 receptacle expressed sequence tags) did not show any statistically significant change. These results indicate that FaPG1 plays a central role in strawberry softening.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0889</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.138297</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19395408</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PPHYA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Wall - drug effects ; Cell Wall - metabolism ; Cell walls ; Complementary DNA ; Development and Hormone Action ; Down-Regulation - drug effects ; Down-Regulation - genetics ; Enzymes ; Fragaria - enzymology ; Fragaria - genetics ; Fruit - enzymology ; Fruit - genetics ; Fruit - growth & development ; Fruits ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects ; Genes, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Plant physiology and development ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plants ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polygalacturonase - metabolism ; Postharvest handling ; Ripening ; RNA ; RNA, Antisense - metabolism ; Transgenic plants</subject><ispartof>Plant physiology (Bethesda), 2009-06, Vol.150 (2), p.1022-1032</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-f6c89009c9d0116deb3ecc017d482d6e78c80872d0c75483bd1d81736242a8733</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-f6c89009c9d0116deb3ecc017d482d6e78c80872d0c75483bd1d81736242a8733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40538068$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40538068$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958,58593,58826</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21630274$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19395408$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Quesada, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanco-Portales, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Posé, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García-Gago, Juan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caballero, José L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercado, José A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Blanco, Juan</creatorcontrib><title>Antisense Down-Regulation of the FaPG1 Gene Reveals an Unexpected Central Role for Polygalacturonase in Strawberry Fruit Softening</title><title>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</title><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><description>The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Chandler') fruit undergoes a fast softening during ripening. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity is low during this process, but two ripening-related PG genes, FaPG1 and FaPG2, have been cloned. Both genes were up-regulated during fruit ripening and were also negatively regulated by auxin. To further assess the role of FaPG1 on strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the 35S promoter (APG lines) were obtained. Sixteen out of 30 independent transgenic lines showed fruit yields similar to those of the control. Several quality parameters were measured in ripe fruits from these 16 lines. Fruit weight was slightly reduced in four lines, and most of them showed an increase in soluble solid content. Half of these lines yielded fruits significantly firmer than did the control. Four APG lines were selected, their ripened fruits being on average 163% firmer than the control. The postharvest softening of APG fruits was also diminished. Ripened fruits from the four selected lines showed a 90% to 95% decrease in FaPG1 transcript abundance, whereas the level of FaPG2 was not significantly altered. Total PG activity was reduced in three of these lines when compared with control fruits. Cell wall extracts from APG fruits showed a reduction in pectin solubilization and an increase in pectins covalently bound to the cell wall. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of gene expression between the ripened receptacle of the control and those of the APG fruits (comprising 1,250 receptacle expressed sequence tags) did not show any statistically significant change. These results indicate that FaPG1 plays a central role in strawberry softening.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blotting, Southern</subject><subject>Cell Wall - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Wall - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>Development and Hormone Action</subject><subject>Down-Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Down-Regulation - genetics</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fragaria - enzymology</subject><subject>Fragaria - genetics</subject><subject>Fruit - enzymology</subject><subject>Fruit - genetics</subject><subject>Fruit - growth & development</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects</subject><subject>Genes, Plant</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified</subject><subject>Polygalacturonase - metabolism</subject><subject>Postharvest handling</subject><subject>Ripening</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Antisense - metabolism</subject><subject>Transgenic plants</subject><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkU1vEzEQhi0EomnhyBHwpccN44_s2scqkIBUiSoh55Vjz4attvbKdlpy5ZfjaqNympHm0aOZdwj5wGDOGMgv4zhnoOdMKK6bV2TGFoJXfCHVazIDKD0opS_IZUr3AMAEk2_JBdNCLySoGfl743Of0CekX8OTrzZ4OA4m98HT0NH8G-nK3K0ZXaNHusFHNEOixtOdxz8j2oyOLtHnaAa6CQPSLkR6F4bTwQzG5mMM3hR17-m2ME97jPFEV_HYZ7oNXUbf-8M78qYrVnx_rldkt_r2a_m9uv25_rG8ua2sBJmrrrZKA2irHTBWO9wLtBZY46TirsZGWQWq4Q5sU84Xe8ecYo2oueRGNUJckWry2hhSiti1Y-wfTDy1DNrnLNtxLK1upywL_2nix-P-Ad1_-hxeAa7PgEnWDF003vbpheOsFsAbWbiPE3efcogvcwkLoaB-9nye5p0JrTnE4thtefkVFIOGsvo_NsSPog</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Quesada, Miguel A</creator><creator>Blanco-Portales, Rosario</creator><creator>Posé, Sara</creator><creator>García-Gago, Juan A</creator><creator>Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia</creator><creator>Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés</creator><creator>Caballero, José L</creator><creator>Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando</creator><creator>Mercado, José A</creator><creator>Muñoz-Blanco, Juan</creator><general>American Society of Plant Biologists</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>Antisense Down-Regulation of the FaPG1 Gene Reveals an Unexpected Central Role for Polygalacturonase in Strawberry Fruit Softening</title><author>Quesada, Miguel A ; Blanco-Portales, Rosario ; Posé, Sara ; García-Gago, Juan A ; Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia ; Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés ; Caballero, José L ; Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando ; Mercado, José A ; Muñoz-Blanco, Juan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-f6c89009c9d0116deb3ecc017d482d6e78c80872d0c75483bd1d81736242a8733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blotting, Southern</topic><topic>Cell Wall - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Wall - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell walls</topic><topic>Complementary DNA</topic><topic>Development and Hormone Action</topic><topic>Down-Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Down-Regulation - genetics</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Fragaria - enzymology</topic><topic>Fragaria - genetics</topic><topic>Fruit - enzymology</topic><topic>Fruit - genetics</topic><topic>Fruit - growth & development</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects</topic><topic>Genes, Plant</topic><topic>Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Plant physiology and development</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Plants, Genetically Modified</topic><topic>Polygalacturonase - metabolism</topic><topic>Postharvest handling</topic><topic>Ripening</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Antisense - metabolism</topic><topic>Transgenic plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Quesada, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanco-Portales, Rosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Posé, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García-Gago, Juan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caballero, José L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercado, José A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Blanco, Juan</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Quesada, Miguel A</au><au>Blanco-Portales, Rosario</au><au>Posé, Sara</au><au>García-Gago, Juan A</au><au>Jiménez-Bermúdez, Silvia</au><au>Muñoz-Serrano, Andrés</au><au>Caballero, José L</au><au>Pliego-Alfaro, Fernando</au><au>Mercado, José A</au><au>Muñoz-Blanco, Juan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antisense Down-Regulation of the FaPG1 Gene Reveals an Unexpected Central Role for Polygalacturonase in Strawberry Fruit Softening</atitle><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><date>2009-06-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>150</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1022</spage><epage>1032</epage><pages>1022-1032</pages><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><eissn>1532-2548</eissn><coden>PPHYA5</coden><abstract>The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa 'Chandler') fruit undergoes a fast softening during ripening. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity is low during this process, but two ripening-related PG genes, FaPG1 and FaPG2, have been cloned. Both genes were up-regulated during fruit ripening and were also negatively regulated by auxin. To further assess the role of FaPG1 on strawberry softening, transgenic plants containing an antisense sequence of this gene under the control of the 35S promoter (APG lines) were obtained. Sixteen out of 30 independent transgenic lines showed fruit yields similar to those of the control. Several quality parameters were measured in ripe fruits from these 16 lines. Fruit weight was slightly reduced in four lines, and most of them showed an increase in soluble solid content. Half of these lines yielded fruits significantly firmer than did the control. Four APG lines were selected, their ripened fruits being on average 163% firmer than the control. The postharvest softening of APG fruits was also diminished. Ripened fruits from the four selected lines showed a 90% to 95% decrease in FaPG1 transcript abundance, whereas the level of FaPG2 was not significantly altered. Total PG activity was reduced in three of these lines when compared with control fruits. Cell wall extracts from APG fruits showed a reduction in pectin solubilization and an increase in pectins covalently bound to the cell wall. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of gene expression between the ripened receptacle of the control and those of the APG fruits (comprising 1,250 receptacle expressed sequence tags) did not show any statistically significant change. These results indicate that FaPG1 plays a central role in strawberry softening.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>19395408</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.109.138297</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; AUTh Library subscriptions: Oxford University Press |
| subjects | Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Southern Cell Wall - drug effects Cell Wall - metabolism Cell walls Complementary DNA Development and Hormone Action Down-Regulation - drug effects Down-Regulation - genetics Enzymes Fragaria - enzymology Fragaria - genetics Fruit - enzymology Fruit - genetics Fruit - growth & development Fruits Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects Genes, Plant Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology Molecular Sequence Data Phenotype Plant physiology and development Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plants Plants, Genetically Modified Polygalacturonase - metabolism Postharvest handling Ripening RNA RNA, Antisense - metabolism Transgenic plants |
| title | Antisense Down-Regulation of the FaPG1 Gene Reveals an Unexpected Central Role for Polygalacturonase in Strawberry Fruit Softening |
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