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HIV Testing and awareness of HIV status among people who inject drugs in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
HIV testing services are the gateway into HIV treatment and are critical for monitoring the epidemic. HIV testing is recommended at least annually in high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among PWID, but their adherence to test...
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| Published in: | AIDS care 2018-01, Vol.30 (1), p.59-64 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-96ad0096d1625dbb12760e1b196673d1f87595da47a5f1e6c8968e4ce445fb8f3 |
| container_end_page | 64 |
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 59 |
| container_title | AIDS care |
| container_volume | 30 |
| creator | Bazazi, Alexander R. Vijay, Aishwarya Crawford, Forrest W. Heimer, Robert Kamarulzaman, Adeeba Altice, Frederick L. |
| description | HIV testing services are the gateway into HIV treatment and are critical for monitoring the epidemic. HIV testing is recommended at least annually in high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among PWID, but their adherence to testing recommendations and the proportion of HIV-positive PWID who are aware of their status remain unknown. We recruited 460 PWID in Greater Kuala Lumpur using respondent-driven sampling and conducted HIV testing. We examined past testing behaviors, estimating testing frequency, correlates of testing in the past 12 months, and the proportion of those living with HIV who were aware of their status. Results showed that most PWID living with HIV (90.4%, 95% CI: 83.6%-95.9%) were aware of their status. Among those never previously diagnosed with HIV, few had accessed HIV testing in the past 12 months (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.1%-18.0%). Prison (57.0%) and compulsory drug detention centers (36.1%) were the primary locations where PWID reported ever being HIV tested, and the main correlate of recent testing in regression was recent criminal justice involvement. Although awareness of HIV status may be high among PWID living with HIV in Kuala Lumpur, testing occurs primarily in prisons and compulsory drug detention centers, where it is involuntary and linkage to care is limited. A shift in HIV testing policy is needed to align health and human rights objectives, replacing mandatory testing with voluntary testing in settings where individuals can be rapidly linked to HIV care. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/09540121.2017.1363852 |
| format | article |
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HIV testing is recommended at least annually in high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among PWID, but their adherence to testing recommendations and the proportion of HIV-positive PWID who are aware of their status remain unknown. We recruited 460 PWID in Greater Kuala Lumpur using respondent-driven sampling and conducted HIV testing. We examined past testing behaviors, estimating testing frequency, correlates of testing in the past 12 months, and the proportion of those living with HIV who were aware of their status. Results showed that most PWID living with HIV (90.4%, 95% CI: 83.6%-95.9%) were aware of their status. Among those never previously diagnosed with HIV, few had accessed HIV testing in the past 12 months (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.1%-18.0%). Prison (57.0%) and compulsory drug detention centers (36.1%) were the primary locations where PWID reported ever being HIV tested, and the main correlate of recent testing in regression was recent criminal justice involvement. Although awareness of HIV status may be high among PWID living with HIV in Kuala Lumpur, testing occurs primarily in prisons and compulsory drug detention centers, where it is involuntary and linkage to care is limited. A shift in HIV testing policy is needed to align health and human rights objectives, replacing mandatory testing with voluntary testing in settings where individuals can be rapidly linked to HIV care.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-0121</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0451</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1363852</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28803503</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Adult ; AIDS/HIV ; Awareness ; Correctional institutions ; Crime ; Criminal justice ; Detention centers ; Drug Users - psychology ; Drugs ; Epidemics ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; High risk ; HIV ; HIV Infections - diagnosis ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - psychology ; HIV testing ; HIV treatment cascade ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Human rights ; Humans ; Involuntary ; Judicial system ; Malaysia ; Malaysia - epidemiology ; Male ; Mandatory testing ; Mass Screening ; Medical tests ; Middle Aged ; people who inject drugs ; Prisons ; Risk Factors ; Sampling ; Serologic Tests ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - diagnosis ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology ; Tests</subject><ispartof>AIDS care, 2018-01, Vol.30 (1), p.59-64</ispartof><rights>2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2017</rights><rights>2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-96ad0096d1625dbb12760e1b196673d1f87595da47a5f1e6c8968e4ce445fb8f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-96ad0096d1625dbb12760e1b196673d1f87595da47a5f1e6c8968e4ce445fb8f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4284-5082 ; 0000-0002-7860-693X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,783,787,888,27936,27937,31011,33235</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803503$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bazazi, Alexander R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vijay, Aishwarya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Forrest W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heimer, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamarulzaman, Adeeba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altice, Frederick L.</creatorcontrib><title>HIV Testing and awareness of HIV status among people who inject drugs in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</title><title>AIDS care</title><addtitle>AIDS Care</addtitle><description>HIV testing services are the gateway into HIV treatment and are critical for monitoring the epidemic. HIV testing is recommended at least annually in high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among PWID, but their adherence to testing recommendations and the proportion of HIV-positive PWID who are aware of their status remain unknown. We recruited 460 PWID in Greater Kuala Lumpur using respondent-driven sampling and conducted HIV testing. We examined past testing behaviors, estimating testing frequency, correlates of testing in the past 12 months, and the proportion of those living with HIV who were aware of their status. Results showed that most PWID living with HIV (90.4%, 95% CI: 83.6%-95.9%) were aware of their status. Among those never previously diagnosed with HIV, few had accessed HIV testing in the past 12 months (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.1%-18.0%). Prison (57.0%) and compulsory drug detention centers (36.1%) were the primary locations where PWID reported ever being HIV tested, and the main correlate of recent testing in regression was recent criminal justice involvement. Although awareness of HIV status may be high among PWID living with HIV in Kuala Lumpur, testing occurs primarily in prisons and compulsory drug detention centers, where it is involuntary and linkage to care is limited. A shift in HIV testing policy is needed to align health and human rights objectives, replacing mandatory testing with voluntary testing in settings where individuals can be rapidly linked to HIV care.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>AIDS/HIV</subject><subject>Awareness</subject><subject>Correctional institutions</subject><subject>Crime</subject><subject>Criminal justice</subject><subject>Detention centers</subject><subject>Drug Users - psychology</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>High risk</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - psychology</subject><subject>HIV testing</subject><subject>HIV treatment cascade</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Human rights</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Involuntary</subject><subject>Judicial system</subject><subject>Malaysia</subject><subject>Malaysia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mandatory testing</subject><subject>Mass Screening</subject><subject>Medical tests</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>people who inject drugs</subject><subject>Prisons</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Serologic Tests</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - diagnosis</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology</subject><subject>Tests</subject><issn>0954-0121</issn><issn>1360-0451</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhi0EotvCI4AsceHQLGMnduwLKqqAViziUrhak8RJs0rsxU5Y7dvjaLcVcOA0M5pvfnvmJ-QVgzUDBe9AiwIYZ2sOrFyzXOZK8CdklTLIoBDsKVktTLZAZ-Q8xi0AcJDwnJxxpSAXkK9Id3P7g97ZOPWuo-gainsM1tkYqW_p0owTTnOkOPpE7KzfDZbu7z3t3dbWE23C3MVU0C5YnGygX2YckG7mcTeHS_o1FYfY4wvyrMUh2peneEG-f_p4d32Tbb59vr3-sMlqwfmUaYkNgJYNk1w0VcV4KcGyimkpy7xhrSqFFg0WJYqWWVkrLZUtalsUoq1Um1-Q90fd3VyNtqmtmwIOZhf6EcPBeOzN3x3X35vO_zJCaq0LlgTengSC_zmnw5ixj7UdBnTWz9EwzVWp8hLKhL75B936Obi0XqKkTtfOi4USR6oOPsZg28fPMDCLlebBSrNYaU5WprnXf27yOPXgXQKujkDvWh9G3PswNGbCw-BDG9DVfTT5_9_4DVdArTM</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Bazazi, Alexander R.</creator><creator>Vijay, Aishwarya</creator><creator>Crawford, Forrest W.</creator><creator>Heimer, Robert</creator><creator>Kamarulzaman, Adeeba</creator><creator>Altice, Frederick L.</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-5082</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-693X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>HIV Testing and awareness of HIV status among people who inject drugs in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</title><author>Bazazi, Alexander R. ; 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HIV testing is recommended at least annually in high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among PWID, but their adherence to testing recommendations and the proportion of HIV-positive PWID who are aware of their status remain unknown. We recruited 460 PWID in Greater Kuala Lumpur using respondent-driven sampling and conducted HIV testing. We examined past testing behaviors, estimating testing frequency, correlates of testing in the past 12 months, and the proportion of those living with HIV who were aware of their status. Results showed that most PWID living with HIV (90.4%, 95% CI: 83.6%-95.9%) were aware of their status. Among those never previously diagnosed with HIV, few had accessed HIV testing in the past 12 months (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.1%-18.0%). Prison (57.0%) and compulsory drug detention centers (36.1%) were the primary locations where PWID reported ever being HIV tested, and the main correlate of recent testing in regression was recent criminal justice involvement. Although awareness of HIV status may be high among PWID living with HIV in Kuala Lumpur, testing occurs primarily in prisons and compulsory drug detention centers, where it is involuntary and linkage to care is limited. A shift in HIV testing policy is needed to align health and human rights objectives, replacing mandatory testing with voluntary testing in settings where individuals can be rapidly linked to HIV care.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>28803503</pmid><doi>10.1080/09540121.2017.1363852</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-5082</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-693X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | AIDS care, 2018-01, Vol.30 (1), p.59-64 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); Taylor and Francis:Jisc Collections:Taylor and Francis Read and Publish Agreement 2024-2025:Medical Collection (Reading list) |
| subjects | Adult AIDS/HIV Awareness Correctional institutions Crime Criminal justice Detention centers Drug Users - psychology Drugs Epidemics Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice High risk HIV HIV Infections - diagnosis HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - psychology HIV testing HIV treatment cascade Human immunodeficiency virus Human rights Humans Involuntary Judicial system Malaysia Malaysia - epidemiology Male Mandatory testing Mass Screening Medical tests Middle Aged people who inject drugs Prisons Risk Factors Sampling Serologic Tests Substance Abuse, Intravenous - diagnosis Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology Tests |
| title | HIV Testing and awareness of HIV status among people who inject drugs in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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