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Morphological Control of Polar Orientation in Single-Crystal Ferroelectric Nanowires
In an attempt to explore and understand domain configurations that occur in idealized ferroelectric nanowires, a focused ion beam microscope has been used to directly cut columns in a variety of sizes from single-crystal barium titanate. The scanning transmission electron microscope has then been us...
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| Published in: | Nano letters 2007-12, Vol.7 (12), p.3787-3791 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 3791 |
| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 3787 |
| container_title | Nano letters |
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| creator | Schilling, A Bowman, R. M Catalan, G Scott, J. F Gregg, J. M |
| description | In an attempt to explore and understand domain configurations that occur in idealized ferroelectric nanowires, a focused ion beam microscope has been used to directly cut columns in a variety of sizes from single-crystal barium titanate. The scanning transmission electron microscope has then been used to image the ferroelectric domain patterns evident after cooling through the Curie temperature in the vacuum environment of the electron microscope. As the overall length of the wires is physically constrained, the observed length-conserving packets of 90° domains with {110}pseudocubic domain-wall orientations can easily be rationalized. Such domain structures necessarily dictate that although half of the domains can be such that their polarization direction lies parallel to the axis of the wire, the other half of the domains will have polarization directions approximately perpendicular to the wire axis (nonaxial). This situation introduces a depolarizing field and associated energy, which is minimized when the nonaxial polarization is oriented perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the column. Locally changing the aspect ratio of the column dimensions therefore allows local variations in the direction of polarization to be introduced. This was demonstrated by fabricating wire structures in which dimensions were varied along their length. Such wires did indeed show morphologically controlled polar reorientation. The study suggests that shape engineering alone could be used to create complex heterogeneous dipole configurations in ferroelectrics at the nanoscale without the need for externally applied poling electric fields. Possibilities for the further development of this observation might include introducing chiral variations in wire thickness, for example, to create dipole helices. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/nl072260l |
| format | article |
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M ; Catalan, G ; Scott, J. F ; Gregg, J. M</creator><creatorcontrib>Schilling, A ; Bowman, R. M ; Catalan, G ; Scott, J. F ; Gregg, J. M</creatorcontrib><description>In an attempt to explore and understand domain configurations that occur in idealized ferroelectric nanowires, a focused ion beam microscope has been used to directly cut columns in a variety of sizes from single-crystal barium titanate. The scanning transmission electron microscope has then been used to image the ferroelectric domain patterns evident after cooling through the Curie temperature in the vacuum environment of the electron microscope. As the overall length of the wires is physically constrained, the observed length-conserving packets of 90° domains with {110}pseudocubic domain-wall orientations can easily be rationalized. Such domain structures necessarily dictate that although half of the domains can be such that their polarization direction lies parallel to the axis of the wire, the other half of the domains will have polarization directions approximately perpendicular to the wire axis (nonaxial). This situation introduces a depolarizing field and associated energy, which is minimized when the nonaxial polarization is oriented perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the column. Locally changing the aspect ratio of the column dimensions therefore allows local variations in the direction of polarization to be introduced. This was demonstrated by fabricating wire structures in which dimensions were varied along their length. Such wires did indeed show morphologically controlled polar reorientation. The study suggests that shape engineering alone could be used to create complex heterogeneous dipole configurations in ferroelectrics at the nanoscale without the need for externally applied poling electric fields. Possibilities for the further development of this observation might include introducing chiral variations in wire thickness, for example, to create dipole helices.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1530-6984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-6992</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/nl072260l</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials ; Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties ; Exact sciences and technology ; Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties ; Materials science ; Nanocrystalline materials ; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization ; Physics ; Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)</subject><ispartof>Nano letters, 2007-12, Vol.7 (12), p.3787-3791</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a390t-bc7cbdb0a6c0354fa6b501de2e70ad9712d11cc2edc121173c71f9436a3833fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a390t-bc7cbdb0a6c0354fa6b501de2e70ad9712d11cc2edc121173c71f9436a3833fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,786,790,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19920080$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schilling, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, R. 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Such domain structures necessarily dictate that although half of the domains can be such that their polarization direction lies parallel to the axis of the wire, the other half of the domains will have polarization directions approximately perpendicular to the wire axis (nonaxial). This situation introduces a depolarizing field and associated energy, which is minimized when the nonaxial polarization is oriented perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the column. Locally changing the aspect ratio of the column dimensions therefore allows local variations in the direction of polarization to be introduced. This was demonstrated by fabricating wire structures in which dimensions were varied along their length. Such wires did indeed show morphologically controlled polar reorientation. The study suggests that shape engineering alone could be used to create complex heterogeneous dipole configurations in ferroelectrics at the nanoscale without the need for externally applied poling electric fields. Possibilities for the further development of this observation might include introducing chiral variations in wire thickness, for example, to create dipole helices.</description><subject>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials</subject><subject>Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Nanocrystalline materials</subject><subject>Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties)</subject><issn>1530-6984</issn><issn>1530-6992</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptkDFPwzAQhS0EEqUw8A-8MDAEznaTNCOKKCAVikSZo4tjF1fGrs5BqP-eoKJ2Ybobvvek9zF2KeBGgBS3wUMpZQH-iI1EriArqkoe7__p5JSdpbQGgErlMGLL50ibj-jjymn0vI6hp-h5tPw1eiS-IGdCj72LgbvA31xYeZPVtE39gM8MUTTe6J6c5i8Y4rcjk87ZiUWfzMXfHbP32f2yfszmi4en-m6eoaqgz1pd6rZrAQsNKp9YLNocRGekKQG7qhSyE0JraTotpBCl0qWw1UQVqKZKWaPG7HrXqymmRMY2G3KfSNtGQPOro9nrGNirHbvBNCy1hEG7dAgMmgCmcOBQp2YdvygMC_7p-wHT32y9</recordid><startdate>20071201</startdate><enddate>20071201</enddate><creator>Schilling, A</creator><creator>Bowman, R. 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M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Morphological Control of Polar Orientation in Single-Crystal Ferroelectric Nanowires</atitle><jtitle>Nano letters</jtitle><addtitle>Nano Lett</addtitle><date>2007-12-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3787</spage><epage>3791</epage><pages>3787-3791</pages><issn>1530-6984</issn><eissn>1530-6992</eissn><abstract>In an attempt to explore and understand domain configurations that occur in idealized ferroelectric nanowires, a focused ion beam microscope has been used to directly cut columns in a variety of sizes from single-crystal barium titanate. The scanning transmission electron microscope has then been used to image the ferroelectric domain patterns evident after cooling through the Curie temperature in the vacuum environment of the electron microscope. As the overall length of the wires is physically constrained, the observed length-conserving packets of 90° domains with {110}pseudocubic domain-wall orientations can easily be rationalized. Such domain structures necessarily dictate that although half of the domains can be such that their polarization direction lies parallel to the axis of the wire, the other half of the domains will have polarization directions approximately perpendicular to the wire axis (nonaxial). This situation introduces a depolarizing field and associated energy, which is minimized when the nonaxial polarization is oriented perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the column. Locally changing the aspect ratio of the column dimensions therefore allows local variations in the direction of polarization to be introduced. This was demonstrated by fabricating wire structures in which dimensions were varied along their length. Such wires did indeed show morphologically controlled polar reorientation. The study suggests that shape engineering alone could be used to create complex heterogeneous dipole configurations in ferroelectrics at the nanoscale without the need for externally applied poling electric fields. Possibilities for the further development of this observation might include introducing chiral variations in wire thickness, for example, to create dipole helices.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><doi>10.1021/nl072260l</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nano letters, 2007-12, Vol.7 (12), p.3787-3791 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | American Chemical Society:Jisc Collections:American Chemical Society Read & Publish Agreement 2022-2024 (Reading list) |
| subjects | Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties Exact sciences and technology Low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures, multilayers): structure, and nonelectronic properties Materials science Nanocrystalline materials Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization Physics Surfaces and interfaces thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties) |
| title | Morphological Control of Polar Orientation in Single-Crystal Ferroelectric Nanowires |
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