Biofilm formation on pyrolytic carbon heart valves: Influence of surface free energy, roughness, and bacterial species by Litzler, Pierre-Yves, MD, Benard, Laetitia, Barbier-Frebourg, Noëlle, MD, Vilain, Sebastien, PhD, Jouenne, Thierry, PhD, Beucher, Eric, Bunel, Claude, PhD, Lemeland, Jean-François, MD, Bessou, Jean-Paul, MD

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